推荐回答(6个)
看了你的全部文字,按照你问题顺序回答:
1) The tsunami (in which over 16000 people were killed) was a terrible disaster for
human beings.
我不同意你老师回答。回答此问题,牵涉到 be+分词 如何来判断其是谓语动词还是表语。一般我们对此有一个明确的定义,即:分词在 be 后面,表动作的为谓语动词;表状态的为表语。这里 “in the tsunami, over 16000 people were killed.” 受到 “in which (in tsunami)” 地点状语的影响,应当考虑这句为 be+v-ed 是动作性的。因为,一个地点状语的出现,必然会引出时间感念,由此判断这句是 “主语 + 谓语动词 + 状语” 结构形式,也即动作有了发生的地点了;
2) We live in a time when, more than over before in history, (people are moving).
由上面的回答(受到时间状语影响,即,动作有了发生的时间),我们即可知道这是一句 “主语 + 谓语” 结构形式。
这一点,我们可以参阅张道真老先生的《实用英语语法》有关分词的论述章节。
简单例句:
1)The glass was broken this morning. (动作,谓语动词) ,也有:The glass was broken by a cat. (有了行为者,谓语动词);
2) The glass is broken. (表语,表示目前的状态),也有:Luxun is buried here. (鲁迅先生安葬在此。状态,表语)。
老师分析得很对啊,第一句子中,其实也可以把The tsunami (in which over 16000 people were killed) 整个看成主语,因为括号里的就是对The tsunami 的进一步说明:什么样的海啸呢,是导致16000人死的海啸。主语后面自然就是谓语了后面就不用多说了。
第二句中,We live in a time when,more than over before in history 这个整个是作状语,说明 people are moving 是在什么时候进行的,所以前面都是一个时间状语的,一般时间状语去掉了整句话还是完整的。
3.完成时:是整个看成谓语的,像:i have finished my homework ,谓语是have finished .是不能分开的,因为去掉意思就不同了,如果是其它成分(像状语啊,)的话去掉都是没关系的。
英语动词的所有组成部分都应当被看作整体,做谓语:
当出现被动语态时,系动词和后面的动词过去分词应看作是整体做谓语:
1.in which 是引导定语从句的引导词,over 16000 people是从句的主语,were killed是被动语态 作谓语;
当出现现在进行时态时,系动词和后面的动词的现在分词一起看作整体做谓语:
2. when more than over before in history people are moving 是从句,其中more than over before in history people 是主语(比历史上更多的人们),are moving 现在进行时,整体做谓语。
涉及到完成时,不论是主动语态“have done”,还是被动语态“have been done”,都应看成整体做谓语。
第一个句子括号中,in which over 16000 people were killed指的是在海啸中有16000多人丧生,明显over 16000 people 是主语,were助动词,killed是谓语动词。
其中kill在这里要用被动语态,那么被动语态需要由“助动词+谓语动词的过去分词”构成。
问问你的老师,动词能做表语吗?
在家听考研教程,有个问题搞不太清楚。
例如:He is a student.这是简单的主系表结构。
但是当出现被动语态时,系动词和后面的动词是看整体做谓语,还是Ved是表语啊?
有两个例子,我弄不太明白。
1.The tsunami (in which over 16000 people were killed) was a terrible disaster for
human beings.
2.We live in a time when,more than over before in history,(people are moving).
第一个句子括号中,老师分析的是,in which over 16000 people 主语,were系动词,killed是表语。
第二个句子括号中,老师分析的是,people是主语,are moving是谓语。
这个我就搞不太清楚了。
还有如果涉及到完成时了,是整体的have been done 看做谓语么,还是~~~~,感觉越说越蒙呢!求高手赐教,在线等
答:你主要的问题是:没有搞清楚be动词的两面性!
1. 系动词。系-联系也!作“是,在”解释,后跟表语。如:The tsunami was terrible.
2. 助动词。助-帮助也!帮助构成进行时态和被动语态:
1)be+ V-ing 构成进行时态。 如People are moving.
2)be+PP. 构成被动语态,如:over 16000 people were killed.
但要注意的是,上面的两种形式,也可能就是系表结构,如:
The film is moving. (moving是现在分词作表语,表示“令人感动的”,“很感人的”)
His job is moving houses for others. (moving houses 是动名词短语作表语,意为“搬家”,表主可换,意不变)
Seeing the film, we were moved. (moved 是过去分词作形容词用,表示“感动了的”。作表语)。
再如:The cup was broken by Tom. It is broken. 前一句是被动语态的句子。后一句是主系表结构。
PS:“第一个句子括号中,老师分析的是,in which over 16000 people 主语,were系动词,killed是表语。”
答:老师分析不准确。over 16000 people是主语,in which是介词短语作状语,were是助动词,killed是过去分词。were killed是谓语,是被动词态。were不翻译成“是”。
你的问题牵涉到非谓语动词作表语的用法。
主系表结构 一般都是表状态的 表 就是说明的意思 说明主语的状态
一般 有两种说法 第一种 就是把系动词加上表语 看作谓语 视为主谓结构
第二种 就是把 系动词 和表语分别 说出 也就是主系表结构
我们一般是按照第二种说法来分析句子。
1.现在分词作表语 和动名词作表语 以及进行时态的区别
可以和主语互换的是动名词 如 his job is teaching. 他的工作是教书。反过来意思不变。
不能和主语互换的是现在分词 如 the film is moving.电影很动人。现在分词起形容词作用。
表示动作的 是谓语动词 的进行时态 如 he is teaching .他正在教书。is teaching 是谓语
在这个句子中 is是助动词 本身没有意义 只起帮助动词构成谓语的作用,不要把它和系动词混为一谈。 以上三个句子 长得一模一样 要学会区分
2,过去分词作表语 和被动语态的区别。
表状态 就是系表结构 如 the window is broken ,窗户是破的。根据时态判断,一定是系表结构
表动作 就是被动语态 the window was broken.这句话可能是系表结构 也可能是被动语态
要根据上下文来判断。
the window was broken by him 。这句话一定是被动语态 ,后面有动作的执行者。 窗户被他打破了。 这句话中 谓语是 was broken . was 是助动词 不再是系动词。
你的老师分析的对
第一题是主系表结构 过去分词作表语 因为这是表状态的。were killed就是死了。were是系动词
第二句是主谓结构 谓语动词是 are moving ,are 是助动词,是现在进行时 。
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