光速,介质,惯性系?一个纠结的问题?相对论高手请进。

2024-12-25 21:40:18
推荐回答(3个)
回答1:

光速不变指的是在不同惯性参考系中光速都相同,相对论中的光速不变是在真空中,或者同种介质中,光速不随着参考系的变化而改变。决定光速的本质是真空介电常数和电阻率。c=(εμ)^(-1/2),这两个量都是导体的性质常数。可以看出,光速的变化不与运动学有关。但是,介质的改变,就会引起这两个数值的变化,这是热力学和材料学的内容,但相对论与此无关。材料的性质是本质的原因。

回答2:

1.光速不变是指用在真空中的。
2.介质惯性系中的那个公式是成立的,但换了一个惯性系,对应的n也会变。事实上介电常数和磁导率也会跟着洛仑兹变换而变换,所以n也会跟着变,而光速v=c/n还是不变。
3.郭硕鸿《电动力学》相对论部分的习题讨论过这个问题。

回答3:

介质决定光速。
相对论说的是高速运动时看到的现象,这个要用洛仑兹变换。但是爱因斯坦根本不知道空气也是光介质,他相对论讲得乱七八糟,很多人都没看明白。

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