在厚板上焊接角焊缝时,焊缝中有时会产生裂纹,如何防止裂纹的产生?

2024-11-27 06:31:46
推荐回答(4个)
回答1:

这位大侠使用的什么焊接?手工还是CO2?是堆焊还是开坡口焊?是对接焊缝还是什么焊缝?什么母材?母材中有的要预热有的却绝对不可以预热。如果是普通钢,如你所说300厚Q345钢,建议先热处理退火冷却后,再预热,再进行焊接,控制好电流,速度,尽量小电流快速焊接,控制线能量,薄层多道焊,这样能较好控制层温,母材、焊缝尤其是融合区和热影响区的温度也能较好掌控。
80后再热处理也就是退火消除点应力,调质一下,是可以的,因为在调质时,消除了内应力,金属晶粒得到细化。不过这只可以消除还没有产生的应力裂纹,解决不了已经产生的裂纹。再施焊时,焊缝要处理一下,(清除氧化铁等,最好角磨机打磨)。焊口性能…没研究过这汗口是指什么,不过热处理过后(退火),焊缝晶粒得到细化,强度降低,抗冲击性下降,可塑性也就是韧性增强。焊完后,再进行热处理,达到工件所需要求。
希望对你有用

回答2:

1、基体升温!
2、焊材选择尽可能合适!
3、不要连续焊的焊接方法!
4、埋弧焊等保温措施!

回答3:

对于厚板上比较大的焊缝,如果焊接前两块金属板之间几乎没有间隙,焊接时工件不可能移动。当焊缝冷却收缩时,所有的收缩应力被焊缝吸收。一旦焊缝爱到严重的拘束,收缩应力就会使得焊缝产生裂纹,特别是两金属板之间的第一道焊缝更容易产生裂纹,如图89(a)所示。
如果两块金属板之间留有比较小的间隙,当焊缝收缩时金属板可轻微移动,使间隙变小,这使得焊缝的横向应力降低。焊接厚大钢板时,两金属板件之间的接头间隙应至少为0.8mm,如果条件允许,接头间隙可为1.6mm。
可通过以下几种方法来获得接头间隙。
① 在两块金属板之间插入用软金属制作的隔离片,当焊缝收缩时,软金属隔离片变薄。如果采用铜作隔离片,一定要注意焊缝金属不能与铜相熔合。
② 采用火焰切割获得粗糙的切口。切口上面的毛剌可使金属板之间保持一定距离,当焊缝收缩时毛剌会被压扁。
③ 冲压将待焊金属表面加工得凹凸不平。这种方法与采用火焰切割来获得粗糙金属表面的方法类似,一般情况下当焊缝冷却后,两金属板可被牢固的焊接在一起。

回答4:

对焊缺陷及纠正预防措施
1 烧化过分剧烈并产生爆炸声 (1)降低变压器级次;(2)减慢烧化速度
2
钢筋表面烧伤 (1)清除电极钳口的杂质和钢筋夹紧部分的铁锈和油物;(2)改进电极槽口形状以增大接触面积;(3)焊完冷却后,平稳取下钢筋
3 接头轴线偏移和弯折 (1)调整电极位置,增强夹具刚度;(2)切除或矫直钢筋端头;(3)焊完冷却后,平稳取下钢筋。
4 接头中有氧化膜,未焊透或有夹渣 (1)增加预热过程;(2)加快临近顶锻时的烧化速度;(3)避免过早切断电流;(4)增加顶锻速度和顶锻力。
5 接头过热或热影响区过热 (1)降低变压器级次;(2)正确控制有电顶锻流量及速度,避免过早顶锻;(3)减小预热程度;(4)加快闪光速度。
6 接头区域裂缝 (1)检验钢筋的碳、硫、磷含量,如不符合规定,应予更换;(2)增大预热程度;(3)减小顶锻压力。
7 接头中有缩孔 (1)降低变压器级次;(2)避免烧化过程过分强烈;(3)适当增加顶锻流量及顶锻压力。
8 热影响区淬硬脆断 (1)扩大低温加热区(见红区),降低温度梯度,减缓焊后冷却速度;(20焊后通电热处理。
9 闪光不稳定 (1)清除电极底部和表面氧化物;(2)提高变压器级次;(3)加快烧化速度。

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