不合理使用热敏电阻会出现什么问题?

不合理使用热敏电阻会出现什么问题?
2025-02-24 19:35:04
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

不合理使用热敏电阻会导致热敏电阻呈现高阻状态,电流减小,热敏电阻温度随之降低,阻值减小,导致流过热敏电阻的电流增大,持续的循环使热敏电阻始终处于变化状态之中。在这种状态会产生的问题如下:
①热敏电阻的功耗产生的热量使紧凑型荧光灯和电子镇流器壳内的温度升高,会造成其它电子元件特别是晶体管和电解电容器损坏,使故障率上升。
②荧光灯点亮后,灯丝回路因热敏电阻的存在,始终有电流通过灯丝,由此而形成发射电流,缩短了使用寿命。
③热敏电阻在预热启动电路中始终有功耗,一般为总功率的4%。使电子镇流器或电子节能灯的流明系数降低。经测试,40W荧光灯电子镇流器热敏电阻的功耗大于1.6W,18W电子节能灯热敏电阻的功耗在0.8W左右。按每瓦功率发出光通量50流明计,40W和18W的电子镇流器因此而分别损失70和40。
④预热电路中的热敏电阻在灯管点亮后,仍处于80℃以上的高温环境下,易造成热敏电阻晶界电阻性能的蜕化,使温阻系数改变,预热时间变长。蜕化严重时启动瞬间产生的冲击电流会烧坏功率管。

回答2:

ptc(positive
temperature
coeff1cient)是指在某一温度下电阻急剧增加、具有正温度系数的热敏电阻现象或材料,可专门用作恒定温度传感器.该材料是以batio3或srtio3或pbtio3为主要成分的烧结体,其中掺入微量的nb、ta、bi、sb、y、la等氧化物进行原子价控制而使之半导化,常将这种半导体化的batio3等材料简称为半导(体)瓷;同时还添加增大其正电阻温度系数的mn、fe、cu、cr的氧化物和起其他作用的添加物,采用一般陶瓷工艺成形、高温烧结而使钛酸铂等及其固溶体半导化,从而得到正特性的热敏电阻材料.其温度系数及居里点温度随组分及烧结条件(尤其是冷却温度)不同而变化.ptc热敏电阻除用作加热元件外,同时还能起到“开关”的作用,兼有敏感元件、加热器和开关三种功能,称之为“热敏开关”.电流通过元件后引起温度升高,即发热体的温度上升,当超过居里点温度后,电阻增加,从而限制电流增加,于是电流的下降导致元件温度降低,电阻值的减小又使电路电流增加,元件温度升高,周而复始,因此具有使温度保持在特定范围的功能,又起到开关作用.利用这种阻温特性做成加热源,作为加热元件应用的有暖风器、电烙铁、烘衣柜、空调等,还可对电器起到过热保护作用.
ntc(negative
temperature
coeff1cient)是指随温度上升电阻呈指数关系减小、具有负温度系数的热敏电阻现象和材料.该材料是利用锰、铜、硅、钴、铁、镍、锌等两种或两种以上的金属氧化物进行充分混合、成型、烧结等工艺而成的半导体陶瓷,可制成具有负温度系数(ntc)的热敏电阻.其电阻率和材料常数随材料成分比例、烧结气氛、烧结温度和结构状态不同而变化.现在还出现了以碳化硅、硒化锡、氮化钽等为代表的非氧化物系ntc热敏电阻材料.
ntc热敏半导瓷大多是尖晶石结构或其他结构的氧化物陶瓷,具有负的温度系数,电阻值可近似表示为:
式中rt、rt0分别为温度t、t0时的电阻值,bn为材料常数.陶瓷晶粒本身由于温度变化而使电阻率发生变化,这是由半导体特性决定的.
热敏电阻器温度计的精度可以达到0.1℃,感温时间可少至10s以下.它不仅适用于粮仓测温仪,同时也可应用于食品储存、医药卫生、科学种田、海洋、深井、高空、冰川等方面的温度测量.

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