(1)∵P=UI,∴灯泡正常工作时的电流I=
=P U
=0.5A,6W 12V
∵I=
,∴灯泡电阻RL=U R
=UL I
=24Ω;12V 0.5A
灯泡正常发光时,滑动变阻器两端电压:
UR=U-UL=36V-12V=24V,
∵I=
,U R
∴串联电阻阻值R=
=UR I
=48Ω,24V 0.5A
电阻消耗的功率P=URI=24V×0.5A=12W;
(2)∵P=
,U2 R
∴电阻阻值:R=
=
U2 P
=6Ω;
(6V)2
6W
当电压是3V时,导体消耗的功率:
P′=
=U′2
R
=1.5W;(3V)2
6Ω
故答案为:48;12;1.5.