推荐回答(5个)
(1)基肥
基肥在整地时施用,主要以农家肥、堆肥、绿肥为主,在使用农家肥时要充分腐熟。
(2)追肥
是金银花生长好坏的关键,春夏季施用腐熟的农家肥或速效氮肥,促进植株生长旺盛。施肥方法:于植株旁开沟施入,施后覆盖细土并压紧,浇水一次;冬季重施一次腊肥,每株施入腐熟厩肥或堆肥5~10千克、硫酸铵100克,过磷酸钙200克,充分混合后,在株墩周围开环状沟施入,施后盖土压实并浇水湿润,最后在株墩周围培土壅根,以利于越冬。
兰花施肥有二种,一是土壤施肥法,二是叶面施肥法;兰花生长缓慢,一般需肥量较少,多采用薄肥勤施方法进行,在每年的春秋二季,兰花生长比较旺盛的时候,每7天施一次腐熟的矾肥水,当然要看天气比较晴好时,阴雨天就不要施肥了;每年高温和严寒时不施肥;兰花施肥我们实践当中发现,还是以有机肥为主,无机肥为辅的好。叶面施肥可以弥补兰花所需微量元素不足,可以用市场上出售的“花宝”一类的液体肥稀释后喷施,但是次数不能太多,生长旺季时15天一次为好。总之兰花施肥要宁淡勿浓,兰花叶面油亮就表明不缺肥,叶面比较暗淡无光就要施肥。
要种好兰花,必须掌握好淋水、施肥及防治病、虫害的管理。其中的施肥原则一般要选择晴天施,施肥原则薄施、勤施、冬眠期不施 。建议多参加养兰实践,平时要多看书,并在实践中不断摸索总结经验教训,才能不断提高栽植兰花的技术水平。
兰花的根部一般与真菌共生,称菌根。兰花对栽培基质中的养分吸收是通过与肉质根共生的真菌来实现的。真菌吸收基质中的矿物营养供兰株生长,而兰花的肉质根则提供给真菌生存必须的有机养分和水分。在自然条件下,兰花多生于基质(土壤、沙石、腐殖质等)疏松、排水良好的环境中,附生兰则依附略有积土或苔藓、腐殖质的岩壁或树干上,他们未能获取太多的养分,也无需太多的肥料。我国古代种植兰花经验中谈到,如果效法菜农,用人粪尿浇,必然“苗既悴,根亦旋腐”(唐末《植兰说》),也就是兰花不宜施浓肥。国外早期的兰花栽培资料中也认为,种植兰花少量加一些骨粉、黏土球、腐殖质即可。
一、遮光
兰花属半阴性花卉,盛夏要适当遮荫,避开强光。最好用遮光网加以遮荫,并将兰盆靠近水面或放在空气清新、通风良好的地方。
二、施肥
施肥要遵守薄肥勤施的原则,还要视兰花品种、天气的阴晴、温度的高低及植株的生长强弱而定。一般情况下,春兰与蕙兰在夏季施氮、钾肥,建兰需施磷、钾肥,而寒兰则可不施任何肥。另外,弱株阴天或气温过高都不要施肥。
三、浇水
兰花虽说是肉质根,但是在光照强、气温高的夏季,对水分要求相对增多,必须保证足够的水分。除正常的浇水外,中午前后进行叶面喷淋,以增加空气湿度。
四、喷药
兰花夏季极易生病虫害,可每10天喷施一次波尔多液或甲基托在津,以防治叶片炭疽病、白绢病;每半月喷一次40%的氧化乐果和三氯杀螨醇,可杀死介壳虫和螨类害虫。
五、防雨淋
夏季多风多雨,特别是暴雨,不仅会折断兰叶,而且将盆面带菌的泥土溅到兰心或兰叶上,导致植株褐腐病的发生。因此,一旦遇到大雨大风,需适当遮雨。
六、修剪
夏季对于被病虫危害过的兰叶,应及时剪去,以避免传染到其他兰株上面。同时,夏季开花的兰花也要剪去残花枯叶,以免消耗过多的养分。
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