树莓派能用来做什么?可以安装ubuntu吗

2025-03-06 07:08:35
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

一、关于树莓派
动机
如之前在某篇文章最后写的,发现了可以用ipv6做反向代理,以及树莓派可以安装Ubuntu 14.04后,原本只是感兴趣的树莓派瞬间就提上了购买的日程。
购买
树莓派、外壳和散热片
买了树莓派2B和一个外壳以及散热片。
HDMI转DVI转接口
因为显示器不支持HDMI,然后考虑到比较流行的HDMI转VGA是从数字信号转为模拟信号,转接口内部用芯片实现,且对于树莓派而言对于HDMI转VGA口选择无源还是有源的争论不绝于耳;所以直接上HDMI转DVI,不需要用到芯片转换,可靠方便多了。注意DVI口也有多种型号,注意显示器的支持。
电源
关于电源的问题,正好我有个SONY的1.5A电源适配器,就直接拿来用了。不过收到的树莓派里说明书中写着要求电源为大于1.8A的,但鉴于我不怎么用USB口,1.5A的树莓派运转起来还算良好。
microSD卡
microSD卡就是坑了,最开始搜到的树莓派需要用哪种内存卡,看到有人说是全尺寸的SD卡我就打算直接用闲置的SD卡了,class 10的应该能满足了;收到货等到要插卡的时候才发现需要的是microSD卡,真不知道是谁说的是全尺寸的SD卡。于是又下单等了一天收到microSD卡和读卡器。
USB HUB
因为本身出发点是做迷你服务器用,所以买了个带电源的USB HUB,供带动移动硬盘。
二、安装Ubuntu 14.04 LTS
安装Ubuntu14.04完全遵照的Ubuntu wiki中的步骤。
下载并写入
镜像照着wiki中提供的地址下载,下载完后解压.img供写入。
写入到microSD卡安装树莓派官方提供的软件和步骤。将microSD卡插入读卡器,然后插入电脑;打开Win32DiskImager,选择刚才解压的.img镜像,选择microSD卡的盘符,然后write。
安装设置Ubuntu
注意这个Ubuntu镜像并不包含openssh,所以这是必须直连树莓派。
插上键盘,接上显示器,然后接上电源,树莓派就开始工作了。Ubuntu启动完毕后,登录用户名密码都是ubuntu。
开启root账户
对于这个需要折腾的Ubuntu来说,直接用root账户会方便不少。
sudo passwd root
然后输入当前用户的密码,就是ubuntu了;然后输入两次root的新密码。
su root
输入root密码就进入root账户啦。
使用全部分区空间
此时Ubuntu并没有利用到全部SD卡的空间,需要手动设置。
1
fdisk /dev/mmcblk0
删除第二分区:按d,再按2
重建第二分区:按n,再按p,再按2,再按enter,再按enter,再按w
然后重启Ubuntu
1
reboot
输入
resize2fs /dev/mmcblk0p2
这样Ubuntu就使用到了全部SD卡的空间。
更新源
这是必须的步骤了
apt-get update
apt-get upgrade
设置SWAP
此Ubuntu本身没有SWAP,需要手动建立,不过这里有个自动完成SWAP设置的软件,此软件会默认设置RAM两倍大小的SWAP分区,所以树莓派中会生成2G大小的SWAP分区。
apt-get install dphys-swapfile
安装并设置完成后,SWAP即设置完成。
安装SSH服务器
这个是必装的了,允许SSH访问
apt-get install openssh-server
这样就算初始化设置完成了,因为这个镜像相当于是Ubuntu的最小镜像,所以很多软件或依赖都没有安装,所以可能很多apt-get install都会顺带安装一大堆依赖。

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