①4x2y2-12x2y=4x2y(y-3);②(x2+4)2-16x2,=(x2+4)2-(4x)2,=(x2+4+4x)(x2+4-4x),=(x+2)2(x-2)2;③3a3-6a2+3a,=3a(a2-2a+1),=3a(a-1)2;④x4-y4,=(x2+y2)(x2-y2),=(x2+y2)(x+y)(x-y).