钢结构主要用途在那些方面呢?它的特点是什么?优点?缺点?
推荐回答（1个）
钢结构的特点
1、钢结构自重轻而承载力高：属于轻质高强材料
2、钢材嘴接近于均质等向体：把钢材分割成细微小块 每小块都将具有大致相同的力学性能 而且在各方向的性能也大致一样 是固体力学的基础
3、钢材的塑性和韧性好：在静力荷载作用下 钢材具有很好的塑性变形能力
4、钢材具有良好的焊接性能：所谓焊接性能“好” 是指钢材在焊接过程中和焊接后 都能保持焊接部分不开裂的完整性的性质
5、钢结构具有不渗漏的特点：不论采用焊接、铆接或螺栓连接 钢结构都可做到密闭而不渗漏
6、钢结构制造工厂化、施工装配化：构件较轻 施工方便 现场占地小 施工周期短 还便于拆除 加固和改扩建
7、钢材耐腐蚀性差：钢材在湿度大、有侵蚀介质的环境中 易锈蚀 截面不断削弱 使结构受损 影响使用寿命 因而钢结构需要定期维护
8、钢结构耐热性能好、但防火性能差：实验证明 钢材从常温到150℃时 性能改变不大 超过150℃后 强度和塑性变化都很大 到达600℃时 强度降至零 完全失去承载能力 提高钢结构的耐火等级 一半常用混凝土或砖将结构包裹起来 也可以涂防火涂层 档防火涂层厚15mm时 钢构件的耐火极限达1.5h
钢结构的合理应用范围
1、重型工业厂房：跨度和柱距都比较大 或设有繁重工作制吊车或大吨位吊车 或具有2~3层吊车的厂房 以及某些高温车间 宜采用钢吊车梁 钢屋架及钢柱等构件以至全钢结构
2、大跨度结构：结构的跨度越大时 减轻结构自重就有明显的经济效果
3、高耸结构和高层建筑：高耸结构包括高压输电线路塔 变电架构 广播和电视发射塔架和桅杆等 这些结构主要承受风荷载 采用钢结构除了自重轻 便于安装施工外 还因钢材的轻质高强 构件截面小 减小了风荷载 从而取得更大的经济效益
4、受动力荷载作用的结构：由于钢材的动力性能好 韧性好 可用作直接承受起重量较大或跨度较大的桥式吊车的吊车梁
5、可拆卸和移动的结构：流动式展览馆和活动房屋等 最宜采用钢结构 钢结构重量轻 便于拆迁 采用螺栓连接时 又便于装配和拆卸 建筑机械为了减轻结构自重 则必须采用钢结构
6、容器和管道：因钢材的强度高 且密闭性好 因而高压气管和管道 煤气罐和锅炉等都用钢材制成
7、轻型钢结构：采用单角钢或薄壁型钢组成的轻型钢结构以及门式钢架结构 具有自重小 建造快 又较省钢材等优点 近年来得到了广泛运用
8、其他建筑物：运输通廊 栈桥 各种管道支架以及高炉和锅炉构架等 通常也都采用钢结构
总体来说 根据我国现实情况 钢结构适用于高、大、重型和轻型结构
以上内容来自《钢结构》2005版 主编：钟善桐 武汉大学出版社出版
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