推荐回答(4个)
青铜中的铜锡配比与性能的关系,主要是铜配比越高,青铜硬度越硬,而锡配比越高青铜的延展性(韧度)越好。
青铜在通常都是铜与锡的合金,又称为锡青铜。中国古代青铜器合金成分的比例,最早见于《考工记》。书中对先秦时代的劳动人民生产实践和经验知识有着独一无二的详细记录,是一本生产技术的档案。
《考工记》中记载六种青铜器物中不同含锡量,称之为“六齐”,这六种不同合金的比例是:钟鼎之齐六分其金而锡居一;斧斤之齐五分其金而锡居一;戈戟之齐四分其金而锡居一;大刃之齐三分其金而锡居一;削杀矢之齐五分其金而锡居二;鉴燧之齐金锡半。
(意思是钟鼎的铜锡配比为铜六分锡一分,斧子的铜锡配比为铜五分锡一分,长矛的铜锡配比为铜四分锡一分,大刀的铜锡配比为铜三分锡一分,箭头的铜锡配比为铜二分锡一分,酒杯的铜锡配比为铜锡各一半。)

扩展资料
古代青铜中铜锡配比的变化
中国古代的青铜合金配比技术十分复杂,反映了青铜器铸造技术的不断发展与完善,体现了对金属硬度及韧度的双重追求。商周时期,青铜器的合金配比很有讲究,其早期和晚期青铜器的合金变化差别较大。
商代早期的容器主要为锡青铜,这类青铜器含锡量较夏代有所增长,但含量仍属中等;商代后期的容器以含锡量中等偏高、高含量者居多。另外,从这个时期少量的铅铜器来看,其含铅量大多较高,这是商周青铜冶铸的一个特点,即降底青铜的熔点。。
商代后期的武器主要成分为锡青铜。至于这个时期的各类生产工具,已经很少再有用锡青铜制造的了,就算有的话,其含锡量也较高。西周时期锡青铜的含锡量以中等者最为普遍,铅青铜则比较少见了,极少数铅青铜器的含铅量也较高。
参考资料来源:百度百科-青铜 (铜锡合金)
参考资料来源:百度百科-中国古代青铜冶铸技术
青铜是红铜和锡或铅的合金,熔点在700~900℃之间,比红铜的熔点(1083 ℃)低。含锡10%的青铜,硬度为红铜的4.7倍。熔化的青铜在冷凝时体积略有涨大,所以青铜铸件填充性好,气孔少,具有较高的铸造性能。这些使它在应用上具有广泛的适应性,并能很快地传播。青铜的出现,对于提高社会生产力起到了划时代的作用。人类从使用红铜发展到冶铸青铜,有一个过程。开始将铜矿石、锡矿石或铅矿石等一起冶炼,发展到先炼出纯铜,再与锡、铅矿石合炼,最后发展到分炼铜、锡,再按一定配比合炼得到成分稳定的青铜。在锡、铅矿缺少的地方,人们用砷或锌来代替。红铜与锌的合金是黄铜。到青铜时代发达时期,铸造工艺已相当成熟,采用多种方法来铸造品类繁多的器用,有范铸法、失蜡法、冷锻和热锻等方法
D145
1铜4锡5铅
在冶炼青铜的过程中,我国古代劳动人民还逐步发现了铜与锡、铜与铅的配比的改变,能够使炼制出来的青铜的属性发生变化。青铜熔点低,加进的锡越多,熔点越低。同时随着加锡量的增多,硬度也随之增高,远远超过了红铜的硬度。但是当加锡过多时,青铜反而变脆,容易断裂。后来,人们又发现在青铜中加入定量的铅,就能克服青铜较脆的弱点。通过反复的实践,到春秋战国时期,古人已经总结出配制青铜的合金规律。
别处摘录
希望对你有用
《考工记》中对刀剑铜锡配比的要求是“叁分其金而锡居一”。
剑的铜锡之比为3.4,锡加到铜中形成铜、锡合金,可以增强金属的硬度,但是,作为兵器,太硬又容易导致折断,特别是剑这样较长的兵器必须做到既坚硬锋利,又坚韧不折,这就需要铜与锡的配比恰到好处。
所以铜越多就越硬,锡越多就越软。
青铜主要是铜锡铅三种金属以不同配比形成的合金。纯铜的熔点在1083度,铅的熔点在327.46°C,锡的熔点在231.89°C。青铜中,锡或者铅的含量越高,形成的合金熔点就越低。
随着青铜冶炼技术的发展,青铜器中的铜锡配比也呈现出不断降低的趋势,原因是为了降低熔点,便于制作质地更加轻薄、纹饰更加纤细,更精美的青铜制品。
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