醋酸电离平衡,后加氢氧化钠固体,醋酸根离子浓度如何变化?

2025-04-05 10:55:51
推荐回答(4个)
回答1:

醋酸的电离平衡(可逆符号大不了,用=代替):CH3COOH=CH3COO-  +  H+

加入的氢氧化钠固体溶解:NaOH=Na+   +   OH-

Na+对醋酸的电离平衡无影响,OH-能够和H+反应生成水,造成溶液中c(H+)减小,进而导致平衡向右移动,c(CH3COO-)增大。

你的追问似乎想问:反应生成的水多了,会不会导致溶液体积变大,进而影响到浓度?

如果加入的是氢氧化钠溶液,那么就要考虑前后两个溶液混合后,溶液体积的增大对浓度的影响;而如果题目中强调加入的氢氧化钠是固体(有时甚至还强调少量固体),就是告诉你,在这种情况下,可以忽略溶液体积的变化。

回答2:

CH3COOH+NaOH=H2O+CH3COONa
醋酸是弱电解质,醋酸到了电离平衡,只有一小部分的醋酸被电离,电离出氢离子和醋酸跟离子。而大部分还是分子状态。
当加入氢氧化钠之后醋酸电离出来的H+和氢氧化钠的OH-结合成水。醋酸电离平衡体系中的H+减少了,就要想H+变多的反向移动即促进醋酸的电离 ,知道氢氧化钠的OH-被消耗完为止。
这个过程中醋酸根离子就会变多,浓度就会变大。

回答3:

在醋酸的电离平衡体系中,加入氢氧化 钠,会使平衡向醋酸电离方向移动醋酸根离子浓度会增加。

回答4:

醋酸是弱电解质,达到平衡后,醋酸根离子很小,当加入氢氧化钠固体,中和氢离子,使得电离平衡正向移动,醋酸根离子浓度增大。

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