推荐回答(4个)
防治病虫害要适期进行 2010年3月16日 病虫害防治是农作物优质高产栽培的重要环节。但在目前的情况下,农作物病虫害的防治仍然离不开化学防治。要减轻化学防治压力,提高防治效果,降低环境污染,必须把握适期进行,以期达到少药、高效、少污染的效果。 一、害虫幼龄期近年来有些农户反映农药防治效益不佳。据调查,多数情况还是长期使用某种或某类农药、引起害虫的抗药性增强以及未抓住害虫的防治适期用药所致。什么时期是害虫的防治适期呢?一般说来,害虫3龄之前的幼龄期是防治适期。此期用药可收到事半功倍的效果。这是因为害虫3龄前体壁部很薄,体壁上还长了很多的微毛,微毛着生部位的表皮很薄,药剂就很容易透过这些薄层。而且此时害虫休小、食量小、危害轻,活 动范围小,抗药力弱。对于钻蛀性害虫,无论是苗穗茎的钻蛀性害虫,还是蕾花果的钻蛀性害虫,初孵幼虫尚未钻入植株,此时防治效果自然较好。所以,确定防治适期,应掌握在害虫3龄以前。当害虫达到4-6龄时,害虫食量、体壁厚度均大大增加,其厚度可达到1龄幼虫的50-100倍,体壁上微毛也没有了,这样药剂就不容易粘附在体壁上和透过体壁,到达害虫体内就比较困难,从而大大降低了杀虫效果。而且害虫龄期增大后,虫体内的脂肪量也增多了,具有积存和分解许多农药的作用。害虫体内脂肪含量越高,这种作用就越明显,抗药性就越强。 二、危险生育期对农作物来说,易感病和感虫且易造成较大损失的生育期是危险生育期。如早春的蔬菜作物幼苗期最易感染立枯病和猝倒病,早稻旱育秧和抛秧在幼苗期则易感染立枯病和绵腐病。大小麦抽穗到灌浆期是最易感蚜虫的时期、而破口到齐穗开花期是最易感染赤霉病的时期,所以此二期分别是易感蚜虫和易感赤霉病的危险生育期。水稻二化螟和三化螟的危险生育期是分蘖期和孕穗到抽穗期。水稻感穗颈瘟的危险生育期是破口到抽穗开花期。因此,防治病虫要抓住危险生育期用药,对于害虫防治要在危险生育期内抓住害虫低龄幼虫的盛发期用药。 三、天敌敏感期农作物的天敌较多,大部分天敌也是昆虫,如各种瓢虫、草蛉、食蚜蝇以及寄生蜂、寄生蝇等。天敌中还有一大类,那就是农田蜘蛛。在这些害虫天敌对药剂反应比较敏感的时期内,应尽量少用杀菌剂或不用杀菌剂,以保护天敌,维持田间生态平衡。如需施药,尽可能选择天敌对农药不敏感的时期施药。比方说,卵寄生的天敌,在寄生前是对农药的敏感期;而寄生以后,则是对农药的不敏感期。因为寄生于害虫的卵之后,这些寄生天敌有寄主害虫卵膜保护,杀虫剂对它的毒性较少。在已经死亡的蚜虫和介壳虫体内发育的天敌,由于有寄主厚实体壁的保护,也难以受到农药的毒害,此时施用杀虫剂几乎对它们不起作用。小 菜蛾幼虫被姬蜂寄生后,对杀虫剂最敏感的时期是二三龄姬蜂寄生的幼虫,而1龄和4龄姬蜂寄生的幼虫抗药性明显增强。其它害虫也存在同样的现象。寄主害虫的抗药增强,则农药对寄生天敌的影响就越小,实际上意味着天敌受到了保护。 四、农药安全间隔期为了安全起见,在蔬菜采收前按要求天数停止使用农药。
这是因为:1、幼虫抗药性弱,比较容易消灭;2、幼虫对作物的危害比较轻,正好早防早治;3、幼虫没有繁殖能力,一但变为成虫,会加倍繁殖就麻烦了。
第一幼虫的时候 虫子还小哇 容易杀死! 如果变成了成虫的话 对药物啊什么的都会有些抵抗力 不一定会杀死 弄不好还弄出个什么抗体来第二 幼虫阶段吃的较多危害比较大 成长中。。 第三 成虫交配产卵后 那就太、、 麻烦、、
因为这是从根本上的除害,在幼虫小的时候杀死是防止它们长大交配产生后代
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