急需《出师表》翻译

先帝创业未半而中道崩殂（cú）。今天下三分，益州疲（pí）弊，此诚危急存亡之秋也。然侍卫之臣不懈于内， 忠志之士忘身于外者，盖追先帝之殊遇，欲报之于陛下也。诚宜开张圣听，以光先帝遗德，恢弘志士之气，不宜妄自菲薄，引喻失义，以塞（sè ）忠谏之路也。
宫中府中，俱为一体；陟（zhì ）罚臧（zāng）否（pǐ），不宜异同；若有作奸犯科及为忠善者，宜付有司论其刑赏，以昭陛下平明之理；不宜偏私，使内外异法也。
侍中、侍郎郭攸（yōu）之、费祎（yī）、董允等，此皆良实，志虑忠纯，是以先帝简拔以遗（wèi）陛下。愚以为宫中之事，事无大小，悉以咨之，然后施行，必能裨（bì）补阙漏，有所广益。
《出师表》原文将军向宠，性行淑均，晓畅军事，试用于昔日，先帝称之曰能，是以众议举宠为督。愚以为营中之事，事无大小，悉以咨之，必能使行（háng ）阵和睦，优劣得所。
亲贤臣，远小人，此先汉所以兴隆也；亲小人，远贤臣，此后汉所以倾颓也。先帝在时，每与臣论此事，未尝不叹息痛恨于桓、灵也。侍中、尚书、长(zhǎng)史、参军，此悉贞良死节之臣，愿陛下亲之信之，则汉室之隆，可计日而待也。
臣本布衣，躬耕于南阳，苟全性命于乱世，不求闻达于诸侯。先帝不以臣卑鄙，猥（wěi）自枉屈，三顾臣于草庐之中，咨臣以当世之事，由是感激，遂许先帝以驱驰。后值倾覆，受任于败军之际，奉命于危难之间，尔来二十有（yòu ）一年矣。
先帝知臣谨慎，故临崩寄臣以大事也。受命以来，夙（sù）夜忧叹，恐托付不效，以伤先帝之明，故五月渡泸，深入不毛。今南方已定，兵甲已足，当奖率三军，北定中原，庶(shù)竭驽（nú）钝，攘（rǎng）除奸凶，兴复汉室，还于旧都。此臣所以报先帝而忠陛下之职分也。至于斟酌损益，进尽忠言，则攸之、祎、允之任也。
愿陛下托臣以讨贼兴复之效，不效，则治臣之罪，以告先帝之灵。若无兴德之言，则责攸之、祎、允等之慢，以彰其咎（jiù）。陛下亦宜自谋，以咨诹（zōu）善道，察纳雅言，深追先帝遗诏。臣不胜受恩感激。
今当远离，临表涕零，不知所言。

译文

臣诸葛亮上表进言：先帝开创大业未完成一半，竟中途去世。如今天下分成三国，我益州地区人力疲惫、民生凋敝，这真是处在万分危急、存亡难料的时刻。但是，宫廷里侍奉守卫的臣子，不敢稍有懈怠；疆场上忠诚有志的将士，舍身忘死的作战，这都是追念先帝的特殊恩遇，想报答给陛下的缘故。陛下确实应该广开言路听取群臣意见，发扬光大先帝遗留下来的美德，振奋鼓舞志士们的勇气，绝不应随便看轻自己，说出不恰当的话，以至于堵塞了忠诚进谏的道路。
宫里身边的近臣和丞相府统领的官吏，本都是一个整体，升赏惩罚，扬善除恶，不应标准不同。如有作坏事违犯法纪的，或尽忠心做善事的，应该一律交给主管部门加以惩办或奖赏，以显示陛下在治理方面公允明察，切不应私心偏袒，使宫廷内外施法不同。
侍中、侍郎郭攸之、费祎、董允等，这都是些品德良善诚实、情志意念忠贞纯正的人，因而先帝才选留下来辅佐陛下。我认为宫内的事情，事无论大小，应当征询他们的意见，然后再去施行。这样一定能够补正疏失，增益实效。
将军向宠，性情德行平和公正，了解通晓军事，当年试用，先帝曾加以称赞，说他能干，因而经众人评议荐举任命为中部督。我认为军营里的事情，事情无论大小，都要征询他的意见，就一定能够使军伍团结和睦，德才高低的人各有合适的安排。
亲近贤臣，远避小人，这是汉朝前期所以能够兴盛的原因；亲近小人，远避贤臣，这是汉朝后期所以衰败的原因。先帝在世的时候，每次跟我谈论起这些事，对于桓帝、灵帝的做法，没有不哀叹和憾恨的。侍中郭攸之、费，尚书陈震，长史张裔，参军蒋琬，这些都是忠贞、坦直，能以死报国的节义臣子，诚愿陛下亲近他们，信任他们，则汉王室的兴盛，就时间不远了。
我本是个平民，在南阳郡务农亲耕，在乱世间只求保全性命，不求在诸侯达官显贵。先帝因为我身份低微，见识短浅，降低身份，委屈自己，接连三次到草庐来访看我，征询我对时局大事的意见，因此我深为感激，从而答应为先帝驱遣效力。后来正遇危亡关头，在战事失败的时候我接受了任命，在危机患难期间我受到委任，至今已有二十一年了。
先帝深知我做事谨慎，所以临去世时把国家大事嘱托给我了。接受遗命以来，日夜担忧兴叹，只恐怕托付给我的大任不能完成，从而损害先帝的英明。所以我五月率兵南渡泸水，深入荒芜之境。如今南方已经平定，武库兵器充足，应当鼓励和统率全军，北伐平定中原地区，我希望竭尽自己低下的才能，消灭奸邪凶恶的敌人，复兴汉朝王室，迁归旧日国都。这是我用来报答先帝，并尽忠心于陛下的职责本分。至于掂量利弊得失，毫无保留地进献忠言，那就是郭攸之、费、董允的责任了。
希望陛下责成我去讨伐奸贼并取得成效，如果不取得成效，那就惩治我失职的罪过，用来上告先帝的神灵。如果没有发扬圣德的言论，那就责备郭攸之、费、董允等人的怠慢，公布他们的罪责。陛下也应该自己思虑谋划，征询从善的道理，明察和接受正直的进言，远念先帝遗诏中的旨意，我就受恩、感激不尽了。
如今正当离朝远征，流着泪写了这篇表文，激动得不知该说些什么话。

翻译 先帝开创大业未完成一半却中途去世了。如今天下分成三国，益州人力疲惫，物力缺乏，这确实是（国家）危急存亡的时刻。但是侍奉守卫的臣子在宫廷里不敢懈怠；忠臣有志将士们在疆场上舍身忘死，大概（是因为）追念先帝的优待，想把它报效给陛下啊。陛下应该扩大圣明的听闻，发扬光大先帝遗留下来的美德，振奋鼓舞志士们的勇气，而不应该随便看轻自己，说话不恰当，以致于堵塞了忠臣劝谏的道路。 皇宫中和朝廷中，都是一个整体，奖惩善恶，不应该因在宫中或在府中而异。假如有做奸邪事情，犯科条法令或者尽忠心做善事的人，应该交给主管的官，判定他们受罚或者受赏，来显示陛下公平严明的治理，而不应当偏袒有私心，使宫内和朝廷刑赏之法不同。 侍中郭攸之和费祎、侍郎董允等，这都是些善良诚实的人，他们的志向和心思忠诚无二。所以先帝把他们选拔出来给予陛下。我认为宫内的事情，事无论大小，都拿来问问他们，然后再去实行。一定能够弥补缺点和疏漏之处，会有更多的好处 将军向宠，性情德行善良平正，通晓军事，在当年试用时，先帝称赞他说他能干，因此大家评议推举他为中部督。我认为军营里的事情，都拿来问问他，一定能够使军队团结和睦，才能高的和才能低的都得到合理的安排 亲近贤臣，疏远小人，这是汉朝前期兴盛的原因；亲近小人，疏远贤臣，这是汉朝后期衰败的原因。先帝在世的时候，经常和我谈论起这些事，没有一次不对桓帝、灵帝哀叹痛惜遗憾的。侍中，尚书，长史，参军，这些都是坚贞可靠，能以死报国的忠臣，希望陛下亲近他们，信任他们，这样汉室的兴盛，就可以计日而待了。 我本来是个平民，亲自在南阳耕地，只求在乱世中苟且保全性命，不谋求在诸侯那里扬名做官。先帝不因为我身份低微,见识短浅，降低身份委屈自己，三次到茅屋中来拜访我，拿当今世上的大事来询问我，因此我感激，于是答应为先帝奔走效劳。后来遇到兵败，在战事失败的时候我接受任命，在危机患难的时候我奉命出使，到现在已经有二十一年了。 先帝深知我做事严谨慎重，在临去世前，把国家大事托付给我。接受遗命以来，我早晚忧愁叹息，唯恐托付给我的大事没有成效，以致于损害先帝的英明。所以我五月率兵渡过泸水，深入到人烟稀少的地方。现在南方已经平定，武器兵甲已经充足，应当鼓励统率全军，北伐平定中原。我希望竭尽我平庸的才能，铲除奸邪凶恶的势力，复兴汉朝王室，迁归旧时的国都。这是我用来报答先帝并且忠心于陛下的职责本分。至于斟酌情理，有所兴革，毫无保留地进献忠言，就是郭攸之、费祎、董允的任务了。 希望陛下把讨伐奸贼，复兴汉朝王室的重任交给我，如果没有成效，就治我的罪，用来告慰先帝的神灵。如果没有振兴圣德的忠言，那就责罚郭攸之、费祎、董允等人的怠慢，来表明他们的过失。陛下也应该自己思虑谋划，询问治国的好道理，明察采纳正言，深深地追念先帝遗留的诏书，我就受恩感激不尽了。 现在我正要离开朝廷远征，面对着奏章眼泪滴落，激动得不知道说了些什么话。

The First Ruler had accomplished but half his great task at his death. At this moment the empire is in three parts, and our country is weak; it is a most critical moment for us. Still, ministers are not remiss in the capital, and loyal and devoted soldiers sacrifice their lives abroad, for they still remember the special kindness of the First Ruler and wish to show their gratitude to him by service to Your Majesty. Therefore it would be indeed fitting that you should extend your holy virtue to glorify his virtuous memory in the stimulation of the will of your purposeful officers. Your Majesty should not lose yourself in the pursuit of mean things, quoting phrases to confound the eternal principles of rectitude, and so preventing remonstrance from honest people. One rule applies to the palace of the Emperor and the residence of a courtier; there must be one law rewarding the good and punishing the evil. Evil-doers and law-breakers, as also true and good people, should be dealt with according to their deserts by the officers concerned in order to manifest Your Majesty's impartial and enlightened administration. Partiality is wrong, as is one law for the court and another for the regions. The High Ministers Fei Yi, Guo Youzhi, and Dong Yun are honest men, devotedly anxious to be loyal to the last degree; wherefore His Late Majesty chose them in his testament. My advice is to consult them in all Palace matters, great or small, before taking action. Your Majesty will reap the enormous advantage of having any failings corrected. General Xiang Chong is a man of well-balanced temperament, versed in military matters, to whom, after testing him, the late Emperor applied the epithet 'capable'. The consensus of opinion is that Xiang Chong should be Grand Commander. My advice is to consult him in all military matters, great or small, whereby your military forces will yield their maximum, each one being employed to the best advantage. Attract worthy people; repel mean ones. This policy achieved the glory of the Former Hans, while its reversal ruined the Latter Hans. When the late Emperor was with us, he often discussed this with your servant, and he took much to heart the story of Emperors Huan and Ling. The Chair of the Secretariat Chen Zhen, Commander Zhang Si, and Minister Jiang Wan are both incorruptible and enlightened people, honest to the death. I wish that Your Majesty should have them near and hold them in confidence. If this be done, then the glory of the House of Han will be quickly consummated. I was originally a private person, a farmer in Nanyang, concerned only to secure personal safety in a troubled age and not seeking conversation with the contending nobles. His Late Majesty, the First Ruler, overlooking the commonness of my origin, condescended to seek me thrice in my humble cot and consult me on the trend of events. His magnanimity affected me deeply, and I consented to do my utmost for him. Then came defeat, and I took office at a moment of darkest outlook and at a most difficult crisis. This is twenty-one years ago. The First Ruler recognized my diligent care, and when dying he confided the great task to me. From that day I have lived a life of anxiety lest I should fail in my trust and so dim his glory. That is why I undertook the expedition to the lands beyond the River Lu. Now the Southern Mangs has been quelled, and our army is in good condition. I ought to lead it against the north, where I may meet with a measure of success in the removal of the wicked ones, the restoration of Han, and a return to the old capital. This is my duty out of gratitude to the late Emperor and loyalty to Your Majesty. As to a discussion of the pros and cons and giving a true version of the whole matter, that belongs to Guo Youzhi and Fei Yi and Dong Yun. I desire Your Majesty to confide to me the task of slaying the rebels and restoring the Hans. If I fail, then punish me by telling the spirit of the late Emperor. If you know not what restoration implies, that is the fault of your advisers. Your Majesty should take pains to be guided into the right path and examine carefully what is laid before you, carefully remembering the late Emperor's testament. I cannot express what would be my delight if you had the goodness to accept and act on my advice. Now I am about to depart on a distant expedition, I write this with tears and clearly know what I have said.