氯的含氧酸酸性比较

2025-04-05 22:08:14
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

说得好,

回答2:

酸含氧酸的酸性,随成酸元素氧化态的增高而加强。高氯酸为非金属含氧酸中酸性最强的无机酸,氯酸为强酸,亚氯酸为中强酸,次氯酸为弱酸,其酸强度相当于H2S的Ka1。
1、同一成酸元素若能形成几种不同氧化态的含氧酸,其酸性依氧化数递增而递增;譬如HClO4>HClO3>HClO2>HClO
2.在同一主族中,处于相同氧化态的成酸元素,其含氧酸的酸性随原子序数递增,自上而下减弱。譬如HClO>HBrO>HIO,HClO2>HBrO2>HIO2、HClO3>HBrO3>HIO3、HClO4>HBrO4>HIO4
3.在同一周期中,处于最高氧化态的成酸元素,其含氧酸的酸性随原子序数递增,自左至右增强。
根据实验事实所见卤素的含氧酸都是强氧化剂,但氧化性的顺序不一定是成酸元素的氧化态越高,氧化性就越强。至今对其氧化性的强弱原因还难以得到圆满的解释,但多数现象可借用标准电极电势或化学反应速度的角度来进行解释。卤素反应的标准电极电势可参考图1—10卤族元素电势图。

当用同种浓度的次氯酸盐、氯酸盐和高氯酸盐,与KI反应。下列三个反应中,次氯酸的氧化性最强。无需用酸酸化,就有碘析出。

ClO-+2I-+H2O→Cl-+I2+2OH- 0.89-0.53>0

氯酸反应需要用1mol·L-1H2SO4酸化。而高氯酸的氧化反应的速度相当慢的。由此可见,尽管上述氧化还原反应在热力学数据是许可的,但有时反应速度往往起着决定性作用。

在饱和的氯酸钾、溴酸钾和碘酸钾的溶液中,当滴加0.1mol·L-1碘化钾溶液用2mol·L-1醋酸酸化,反应[3]很快发生,然后用1mol·L-1H2SO4酸化,反应[2][1]相继发生,但它们的反应速度快慢顺序是[3]>[2]>[1] 。

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