怎样养好大岩桐?

2025-02-05 17:00:50
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

 若想使大岩桐多开花,首先应选择那些开花繁多、株型矮壮、抗病力强、生长迅速、管理容易的进口杂交一代优良品种做母株,单瓣品种较重瓣品种开花更多。育苗一般采用播种法。出苗后,要及时加强日常管理,并留意其中同时具有三枚子叶的小苗,这样的实生苗开花往往会更多,而且具有遗传性,可以通过无性繁殖来加以利用。

  打顶催芽

  传统栽培大岩桐,一般多做小品式独本栽培,这种栽培方法一般是盆小花少,难以达到“花团锦簇”的观赏效果。要想改变这一状况,最直接的办法就是抹顶摘心,促发更多的侧枝,这样才会开出更多更好的花来。在一次栽培过程中,我意外地发现一株小苗不知不觉间竞长成两个侧枝(当时疑为虫害所致或外力所伤),结果在很小的盆中同时丌出了16朵花之多。所以摘心宜早不宜迟,及早摘心有利于早日成型、开花。摘心后,及时选留2~3个高矮一致、位置适巾的新芽。

  加强肥水

  传统栽培大岩桐所用花盆实在太小,虽然也可根据长势继续使用口径12厘米左右的小花盆,但最好的办法还是及时换入更大的花盆(如口径15~16厘米)中,以满足其生长需要。新根遇新土,长势会更旺,而打顶后的大岩桐由于枝繁叶茂,需肥量大,要及时追肥育壮,最好是随水浇施。此外,还可叶面喷肥,其浓度不能超过2~3%。。据同行介绍,他将一盆未经任何打顶的大岩桐,用“卉友”牌速效肥定期喷施,也同时开出7朵花,美不胜收。

  虹吸取水

  大岩桐叶片肉质,表而密布绒毛,浇水时很容易弄脏叶片,导致叶片局部腐烂,成为众病菌侵染的目标。为了避免这种情况发生,应利用虹吸原理,通过花盆底孔取水和供肥。这种办法的最大好处,不仅是能有效地防止搞脏叶片,而且可使肥水得到更充分、更有效的利用,管理上十分方便。实践中还发现,叶片上滞留水分也并非绝对不可以,只要是清水,或偶尔含有少量无机肥(含量不超过喷施浓度,即2—3‰),即使留在叶片上也无妨。事实上,我们经常用清水喷洗叶片,并无大碍,生长更好。

  栽培基质

  为了促进大岩桐多开花、开好花,必须养好根系。大岩桐根系纤弱,呈毛细状,不耐水渍和粘重土。栽培用土应选用疏松透气利水的栽培介质,如腐叶土、珍珠岩、泥炭、锯末(已腐熟)、蛭石、松针、种菇废料(已腐熟)等,肥料可用麻酱渣(已腐熟)、禽粪及复合肥等。播种用土,以素土较好,如泥炭和蛭石等。尤其是苗期,肥分越少越好,以免出现肥害(可以通过淡肥勤施的方式来完成)。

  适当遮荫

  传统栽培大岩桐多进行遮荫养护,其不足之处是容易造成植株徒长、细弱。所以有资料介绍,将其置于阳光下,在不引起叶片灼伤的情况下,充分满足其对光照的需求,可促株型矮壮,节问密实,开花更多。但我在实践中发现,过分追求光照,而不考虑光照强度,叶片会出现生理性黄化,远不如遮荫环境下叶片碧绿光润,生机盎然。囚此,我认为凡事要从实际出发,首先还足要适当遮荫,在不影响正常生k的情况下,稍稍加强光照,以保证其顺利安全度夏和正常生长。

  开花处理

  大岩制开花时,如果花朵四周的叶片妨碍花的开放,可根据需要剪掉其中部分叶片或将相关叶片剪掉半张,使花朵全部集中开放于植株顶部,形成一团花束。安全越冬人冬以后,将大岩桐种球(块茎)保留一段无叶茎干(约3~4厘米长)并及时沙藏,保持温度不低于5℃。越冬期间,沙上不能太湿,以防球茎腐烂。如沙土过干,应酌情喷洒少量清水,以防块茎干瘪。

  待到春暖花开时节,球茎发出芽来,根据需要酌情选留2~3个位置适当、高矮协调且饱满健壮的新芽,随之挖出种球移栽卜盆,进入正常养护。

  经过上述方法栽培的大岩恫,最多可一次开出18朵花。其中,一株用口径12厘米花盆栽培的大岩桐,株高不逾15厘米,仅2个分枝,即同时开出16朵花来,花团锦簇,甚为美丽。

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