莎士比亚喜剧艺术特点

莎士比亚喜剧艺术特点
2025-03-06 02:41:55
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

莎士比亚的戏剧不但思想性深刻,在艺术上也达到了炉火纯青的程度,具有巨大的审美价值。
莎士比亚的戏剧情节生动丰富。在他的剧作中,往往有两条或两条以上的情节线索,形成多样化的戏剧冲突。如《哈姆莱特》中有三条为父复仇的情节线索交织在一起,以哈姆莱特的复仇为主线,雷欧提斯和小福丁布拉斯的复仇为副线。后两位的复仇,一个是尽孝道,一个是为争得骑士荣誉,他们带着浓厚的封建色彩的复仇行动,更突出了哈姆莱特复仇的社会意义。莎士比亚还非常善于在紧张尖锐的戏剧冲突中安排剧情,冲突的双方在斗争中的地位不断变化,形成波澜起伏且很富有戏剧性的情节。如哈姆莱特与奸王克劳迪斯一开始互相试探没有直接交锋,通过“戏中戏”,进入斗争的正面交锋,哈姆莱特摧毁了奸王的心理优势,但由于误杀波罗涅斯,便由主动转为被动,奸王借机将他遣送英国,重新控制局势。哈姆莱特粉碎了奸王借刀杀人的阴谋回到丹麦后,却又落入另一个借刀杀人的阴谋--“友谊比剑”。全部剧情随着人物性格的发展跌宕起伏,曲折复杂,扣人心弦。
莎士比亚戏剧塑造了众多栩栩如生个性鲜明的人物形象。莎士比亚剧作中的人物不是单一的、平面的,而是具有多面性、复杂性。如哈姆莱特既是个脱离群众的封建王子,又是个满怀抱负的人文主义者;奥赛罗既是一个忠于爱情的情种、奋勇杀敌的勇士,同时又是一个脾气暴躁的统帅、杀害无辜的凶手;夏洛克一方面诗歌凶残吝啬的高利贷者,一方面又是个虔诚的教徒。剧作还写出了同一人物前后不同时期的性格发展轨迹,如哈姆莱特从一个抱有崇高信念的快乐王子到对人与社会悲观失望的忧郁王子,这样使人物更加真实可信。
莎士比亚还善于在人物的对比中突出主人公性格。在《哈姆莱特》中,哈姆莱特、雷欧提斯、福丁布拉斯三人对待复仇问题上的不同态度的鲜明对比,突出了哈姆莱特作为先进人文主义者的特点。哈姆莱特与霍拉旭同样都是人文主义者,但是遭遇不同、地位不同,霍拉旭理智冷静,哈姆莱特热情深沉,更加反衬出哈姆莱特精神世界的深刻性。
莎士比亚也擅长用内心独白手法直接揭示人物的内心世界。《哈姆莱特》中哈姆莱特的重要独白有六处之多,每次都推动剧情发展,为完成人物性格塑造起了关键作用。最著名的是第三幕第一场的那段:“生存还是毁灭”的独白,表现了他对人生的思索、苦闷与彷徨。
莎士比亚的戏剧语言丰富多彩,具有个性化、形象化的特点。莎翁是语言大师,他的词汇特别丰富,据统计他剧中用到的词汇量达29000个,远远超过了他同时代的其他作家。他的人物语言,不仅符合人物的身份和性格,而且贴和人物当时所处的特定环境,和人物的戏剧动作相衬相依。如哈姆莱特清醒时是典雅的语言,符合王子的身份,在装疯时用的是逻辑混乱、晦涩难解的语言,符合疯子的特点。他还善于使用恰当的比喻、双关语、成语和谐语,不仅丰富了表现力,而且有浓郁的生活气息。

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