主谓并定壮补 主干枝叶分清楚
主语就是你要描述的对象(这不用多讲了吧~~)eg:I love you.中 "I"就是主语。
谓语就是由主语所发出的行为、动作等。一般都用动词作谓语,但不一定跟在主语后面哦!!eg:I love you. 中"love"就是谓语。
宾语是动作、行为的对象,是动作的承受者。一般由名词或代词、不定式、名词性的短语充当。eg:I love you. "you"就是宾语。 而且在一个句子中不一定只有一个宾语喔! 就好像:I'll give you an apple. 中就有两个宾语“you”为间宾、“an apple” 为直宾。
顾名思义,对宾语进行补充说明的就是宾补了。eg:You make me happy. 中“me”是宾语,而“happy”是修饰“me”的,所以“happy”就是宾补啦!
同理可得: 对主语进行补充说明的就是主补啦~!
接着到定语;修饰名词或代词的成分就是定语;一般由形容词充当 eg:Echo is a naive girl. "naive"就是定语
状语:用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的成分。主要由副词担任。此外,形容词、介词短语、名词词组、动词不定式短语也可以作状语。状语有分时间状语、地点状语、原因状语、条件状语、目的状语、方式状语、让步状语、情况状语 ;eg:I'll buy the ring in this morning. “in this morning”就是时间状语。
系动词系动词本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语,构成系表结构,说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。1. 状态系动词用来表示主语的状态,只有be动词 (am, is, are)。例如:He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。(is与表语一起说明主语的身份)2. 持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay等。例如:He always kept silent at meetings. 他开会时总是保持沉默。This matter remains a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。
常见的动词如下:
一、appear类。这类动词作系动词用时,后面常接形容词或名词,有的还可接to
be结构(可省略),此时这类动词没有进行时和被动语态。这样的动词有appear, become,
feel, look, sound, seem, taste, prove, remain,smell等。例如:
The dish looks good and smells good.
He proved(to be)an honest man.
二、see类。这类动词接不带to的不定式作宾补,表动作已完成或其全过程;接ing分词作宾补,表动作正在进行;接-ed分词表被动。这样的动词有see,look,watch,notice,observe,hear,feel,listen等。例如:
I saw the man crossing(cross)the street.
I saw the man caught by the policeman.
三、enjoy类。此类动词常接ing分词作宾语。这样的动词有avoid,can'thelp,can't stand,consider,delay,enjoy,escape,excuse,favour,finish,give up,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,put off,resist,risk,suggest, appreciate, dislike, forbid, escape,admit, advise, allow, put off, give up, be worth, be busy, get down to, devote…to, look forward to, be used to, lead to, succeed in, spend/waste time (in),have a good/hard time (in) , have difficulty /trouble (in) ,there is no use(in)
例如:The bird escaped being caught.
He is practising playing the piano.
四、afford类。这类动词常接不定式作宾语。这样的动词有afford,agree,aim,arrange,ask,choose,decide,demand,determine,expect,hope,learn,long,manage,offer,pretend,promise,refuse,swear,want,wish等。
例如:He can't afford to buy this dictionary
Tom managed to pass the exam.
五、remember类。这类动词既可接不定式,又可接ing分词。之间区别不大的有begin,continue,like,love,prefer,start。意义有区别的有try to do(努力做),try doing(试着做);mean to do(打算),mean doing(意味着);can't help to do(不能帮助做), can't help doing(禁不住);remember to do(记得要做);remember doing(记得做过);regret to do(遗憾要做),regret doing(后悔做过);forget to do(忘记要做),forget doing(忘记做了);stop to do(停下某事做另外一件事);stop doing(停止做);go on to do(接下来做),go on doing(继续做)例如:He prefers doing it/to do it this way. I remember posting the letter.
I remember to post the letter.
六、need类。这类动词即可接ing分词,也可接不定式的被动语态,二者均表被动含义。这样的动词有need,want,require,demand等。例如:
The old man needs looking after/to be looked after.
七、let类。这类动词表使动关系,接不带to的不定式作宾补。这样的动词有let,make,have等,但get,cause需加to。例如:I'll have him do this work. I'll get him to do this work.
八、order类。接宾语从句表示应该(或规劝、命令、建议、要求等)时接should加动词原形,为一种虚拟语气,其中的should常可省略。这样的动词有order,suggest,insist,advise,demand,request,require,propose。例如:Peter suggested that Tom go there at once.
The teacher requires this(should)be done in no time.
九、get类。这类动词常接ing或ed作宾补。这样的动词有get,have,keep,send,leave,set,start等。例如:I won't have him speaking to me that way.
The slight touch sent the object flying.
十、cost类。这类动词不能用于被动语态,也不能用进行时。这样的动词有become(成为),cost,last,hold(容纳),fit(吻合),stand(忍受),suit,belong to,consist,exist,depend,happen,take place等。例如:
This hall can hold 500 people.
China belongs to the third world.
十一、seat类。这类动词常接反身代词作宾语。这样的动词有enjoy,seat,dress,present,teach,help,devote等。例如:
He can dress himself now.
He devoted himself to teaching.
十二、elect类。这类动词常接双宾语或复合宾语结构。这样的动词有elect,choose,call,pass,make,give,show,buy,lend,pay,tell,teach,write,offer,find,leave,order,reach,ask等。例如:
We make him monitor.
He asked me some questions.
十三、tell类。这类动词常接带to的不定式作宾补。这样的动词有ask,tell,invite,force,oblige,get,beg,allow,help,wish,want,like,have,prefer,intend,expect,request,advise,persuade,permit,order,command等。例如:
I asked him to go with me.
His friend persuaded him not to smoke.
十四、believe类。这类动词接宾语从句时,要把从句的否定形式转移。这样的动词有believe,expect,imagine,suppose,think等。例如:
I don't think you are right.
I don't suppose he can give you any help.
十五、intend类。此类动词常用过去完成时加不定式或用过去式接不定式的完成时态表虚拟语气。这样的动词有intend,mean,plan,hope,expect,think,want,suppose等。例如:
I had meant to tell you about it yesterday.
They hoped to have stayed there a week.
十六、go类。这类动词常用一般现在时、现在进行时表将来时间。这样的动词有come,go,leave,start,arrive,move,begin,fall,see,stay等。例如:
The train starts at a quarter past two in the afternoon.
Our group is meeting at half past two in the afternoon.
十七、say类。此类动词常用,表示“据说…”、“据报道…”等意思。“It+be+-ed +
that”形式,这样的动词有say,know,report,think,believe,suppose,declare,announce等。例如:
It is said that Mr. Li will be in charge of our class.
It is announced that two teams will have a game in our school.
十八、think类。此类动词常接“so”作宾语,作为回答。这样的动词有believe,guess,imagine,suppose,expect,hope等。例如:A:Will Sarah be back? B:I don't expect so.
十九、surprise类。此类动词常用过去分词,但并不表示被动。这样的动词有be surprised,be astonished,be discouraged,be pleased,be disappointed,be frightened,be satisfied,be absorbed in,be born,be dressed in,be devoted to,be seated,be engaged in, be obliged
to,be supposed to,be supplied with,be connected with,be equipped with,be married to 等。例如:I am satisfied with your progress.
He has been married to her for 10 years.
二十、die类。此类动词常接同源宾语。这样的动词有die,smile,live,dream等。例如:
He died a heroic death.
He smiled a forced smile.
你留个邮箱 我发个语法书给你 这书我觉的很不错的 其实 像英语句子结构这种东西 其实就算当面和你说 也很费时间的 他其实是个逻辑的问题 语言本来就是逻辑的东西
其实英语句子结构 就5种
1 主语+ 谓语 【不及物动词】/【不及物动词+状语】
The students are listening.
He looked carefully.
2 主语+及物动词+宾语
I love you.
I decided to buy a computer.
3 主语+系动词(be...)+表语
He is a teacher.
4 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
Please give them to me.
5 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
I will keep the words in my mind.
大概就是这样 你留个邮箱吧
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