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可以采用飞秒检测技术分析其中的化学成分和含量加以区别。碱性长石包括透长石、正长石、微斜长石、歪长石和含钙长石分子在5%以下的钠长石，以及条纹长石和反条纹长石。碱性长石是钠铝硅酸盐(NaAlSi3O8)和钾铝硅酸盐(KAlSi3O8)的混合物。碱性长石中铝与硅的原子数之比为1:3 , 结构中每4个硅（铝）氧四面体中有3个为硅所占据,还有一个为铝所占据。微斜长石属三斜晶系,在其结构中有4种不同的硅(铝)氧四面体位置，分别记为T1O、T1m、T2O和T2m。铝在这 4种位置上的占位率(在某一位置中出现的几率)依次以t1O、t1m、t2O和t2m表示。微斜长石中的铝的占位情况可用t1O>t1m>t2O=t2m表示。如果铝只占据T1O位置,而在其余位置上都不出现,即t1O=1,t1m=t2O=t2m=0,此种微斜长石称为最大微斜长石。其他t1O≠1的微斜长石称为中微斜长石。对透长石和正长 石而言，铝在两种T1位置上的占位率相等，在两种T2位置上也相等,因而T1和T2位置都不再有O位和m位之分，晶体呈单斜对称。按铝在两个T1位置的占位率2t1的值，将单斜钾长石分为：高透长石0.5≤2t1≤0.667；低透长石0.667<2t1<0.74；正长石0.74≤2t1≤1。占位率不同，反映了长石结构中的Al/Si有序度不同；对微斜长石而言，还反映了结构偏离单斜对称程度的大小。后者也可用三斜度来表征。定义正长石和最大微斜长石的三斜度分别为0和1。占位率、有序度及三斜度可惜 X射线衍射或红外吸收光谱、光学参数等进行测算。
斜长石属于Na[AlSi3O8](Na2O-Al2O3-6SiO2)-Ca[Al2Si2O8](CaO-Al2O3-2SiO2)类质同象系列的长石矿物的总称，总共分为6个矿物种：钠长石（An0-10Ab100-90）、奥长石（An10-30Ab90-70）、中长石（An30-50Ab70-50）、拉长石（An50-70Ab50-30）、倍长石（An70-90Ab30-10）和钙长石（An90-100Ab10-0）。岩石学中将前二者统称为酸性斜长石，中长石为中性斜长石，而将后三者统称为基性斜长石。晶体属三斜晶系的架状结构硅酸盐矿物，晶形主要呈板状或板条状，；颜色多呈灰白色，有时微带浅棕、浅蓝及浅红色；硬度为6－6.52；相对密度2.61－2.76；玻璃光泽；两组解理。在晶面或解理面上可见细而平行的双晶纹。白至灰白色，有些呈微浅蓝或浅绿色，玻璃光泽，半透明。两组解理（一组完全、一组中等）相交成86°24′，故得其名斜长石。摩氏硬度6-6.5，比重2.6-2.76。斜长石广泛地分布于岩浆岩、变质岩和沉积碎屑岩之中。斜长石是陶瓷业和玻璃业的主要原材料，色泽美丽、优良者可作为宝玉石材料，如日光石。
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