that作为定语从句的用法:
1、在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which。
2、在不定代词,如:anything, nothing, the one, all等作先行词时,只用that,不用which。
3、先行词有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修饰时,只用that。
4、先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that,不能用which。.
5、先行词既有人,又有物时用that。
6、先行词指物,在主句中作表语时用that。
7、先行词是the way或the reason时,that可作关系副词,也可省略。
8、主句的主语是疑问词who /which时用that。
扩展资料
在定语从句中,关系代词who (whom) 和that都可指人和物,在一般情况下,可以互换使用。
用who (whom) 而不用that的情形
1、在非限制性定语从句中的先行词指人时,只能用who (whom)。
My sister, who is studying abroad, sent me a beautiful present just before this Christmas.
我姐姐,她在国外学习,就在圣诞节前给我寄来了漂亮的礼物。
2、当定语从句对指人的先行词进行隔位修饰时,只能用who (whom)。
3、当先行词为people和those时,只能用who (whom)。
4、当先行词为one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人) 时,只能用who (whom)。
5、先行词指人,而关系代词在从句中作主语时,一般多用who。
6、当句子中有两个指人的现行词分别带有两个定语从句时,若一个定语从句的引导词为that, 那么,另一个定语从句的引导词必定为who。
that在定语从句中做主语、表语或宾语,作宾语时可省略.
必须用that的情况:
先行词有人又有物
先行词有形容词最高级修饰
先行词是不定代词
先行词有不定代词修饰
以who,which开头的问句
先行词有the very, the same ,the last等词修饰
先行词有序数词,数词修饰时.
关系词在定语从句中做表语时
不能用that的情况:
介词+关系词
非限定性定语从句
举例:
Is this the book that you borrowed in the library?
这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗?
Who that break the window should be punished.
谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚.
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
所需的只是供油问题.
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察.
在定语从句中,that 关系代词(在句中作主语、宾语或定语)
1.只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
a) 在不定代词,如:anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时,只用that,不用which。
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
b) 先行词有the only, the very, the just修饰时,只用that。
He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water .
c) 先行词为序数词(the last)、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that。.
The first English book that I read was “The Prince and the Pauper” by Mark Twin .
d) 先行词既有人,又有物时。
He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited .
e)当主句是以who 或which 开始的特殊疑问句时,用that 以避免重复。
Who is the person that is standing at the gate .
f)关系代词在从句中做表语
He is not the man that he used to be .
1)不用that的情况
a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时
b) 介词后不能用
一、 定语从句是形容词从句,其作用相当于一个形容词,是用来修饰前面的名词或代词的;同位语从句是名词从句,其作用相当于一个名词,是对前面的名词作进一步解释的。例如:
1. We heard the news that he had told her. 我们听到他对她说的消息。
2. We heard the news that he had won the game. 我们听到消息他赢得了比赛。
例1中的that从句的作用相当于一个形容词,其作用是修饰the news;例2中的that从句的作用相当于一个名词,是对the news的进一步说明。
二、定语从句的引导词在从句中充当一定的成分,可作主语、宾语、状语等;而同位语从句中的引导词在从句只起连接作用,不作任何句子成分。例如:
1. A plane is a machine that can fly.
飞机是一种能飞的机器。
2. The fact that they didn't finish the work has to be faced. 必须面对事实,他们没有完成工作。
例1中的引导词that在从句中充当句子成分,作从句的主语,故为定语从句;例2中的that只起连接作用,引导从句解释fact的内容,不作任何句子成分,故为同位语从句。
三、引导定语从句的关联词在从句中作宾语或状语时,可以省略或被其他词代替;而同位语从句的引导词一般不能省略,更不能被代替。例如:
1. The news that she heard is true. 她听到的消息是真的。
2. The news that she will go abroad is true. 她将出国这消息是真的。
例1是定语从句,that可省略;例2是同位语从句,that不能省略。
3. The reason why he was chosen remains unknown. 他为什么被选上的原因还是不清楚。
4. The idea why he was chosen attracted our attention. 他为什么会被选上,这一想法引起我们的注意。
例3中why引导的是定语从句,why可以被 for which或 that 代替;例4中 why引导的是同位语从句,why 不能省去,也不能被其它词代替。
四、同位语从句与其所修饰的名词之间是一种同位关系,二者之间存在逻辑上的系表关系,可用“主+系+表”结构来表示。例如:
The news that he won the first place is true. 他赢得冠军的那个消息是真的。
上句若用“主+系+表”结构来表示,则是:
The news is that he won the first place. 消息是他赢得了冠军。
意思合理,系表结构成立,故为同位语从句。
五、定语从句所修饰、限定的先行词可以是各类名词,可以有复数形式;而同位语从句一般都与抽象名词同位,一般没有复数形式。例如:
1. The possibilities that she was offered seemed very great.她得到的可能性似乎大些。
2. Her mother was worried about the possibility that her daughter dislike to go to school. 她的母亲很担心,她女儿有可能不喜欢上学。
例1中的possibilities是定语从句的先行词,可用复数形式;例2中的possibility是抽象名词,后接的是同位语从句,一般不用复数形式。
六、由when, why, where引导的定语从句分别修饰或说明表示时间、原因或地点的词,但它们引导的同位语从句一般不和表示时间或地点的词同位。例如:
1. I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. 我仍然记得初次来北京的那天。
2. I have no idea when she will be back. 我不知道她何时回来。
3. This is the house where I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住的房子。
4. The question where we shall have a meeting hasn't decided. 我们到什么地方去开会,这个问题没有决定。
例1、3中的when和 where引导的是定语从句,day 和house分别表示时间和地点;例2、4中的when和 where引导的是同位语从句。
如果在定语从句与同位语从句的学习中能把握住上述几种区别,那么在阅读文章时,就会迎刃而解,收到更好的效果。
谢谢
祝你学习进步