推荐回答(4个)
基本构造:
正负极板(1)
铅酸蓄电池的极板,依构造和活性物质化成方法,可分为四类:涂膏式极板,管式极板,化成式极板,半化成式极板。
涂膏式极板(涂浆式极板)由板栅和活性物质构成的。
板栅的作用为支承活性物质和传导电流、使电流分布均匀。
板栅的材料一般采用铅锑合金,免维护电池采用铅钙合金。
正极活性物质主要成份为二氧化铅,负极活性物质主要成为绒状铅。
涂膏式板栅 已涂好活性物质的板栅
隔板(2)
电池用隔板是由微孔橡胶、颜料玻璃纤维等材料制成的,它的主要作用是:
防止正负极板短路。
使电解液中正负离子顺利通过。
阻缓正负极板活性物质的脱落,防止正负极板因震动而损伤。
因此要求隔板要有孔率高,孔径小,耐酸不分泌有害杂质,有一定强度在电解液中电阻小,具有化学稳定性的特点
电解液(3)
电解液是蓄电池的重要组成部份,它的作用是传导电流和参加电化学反应
电解液是由浓硫酸和净化水(去离子水)配制而成的,电解液的纯度和密度对电池容量和寿命有重要影响。
汽车用铅酸蓄电池采用电解液密度为1.280±0.005g/cm³(25℃)稀硫酸。
电池壳、盖(4)
电池壳、盖是装正、负极板和电解液的容器,一般由塑料和橡胶材料制成
排气栓(5)
一般由塑料材料制成,对电池起密封作用,阻止空气进入,防止极板氧化。同时可以将充电时电池内产生的气体排出电池,避免电池产生危险。
使用前:必须将排气栓上的盲孔用铁丝刺穿、以保证气体溢出通畅。
其它:
蓄电池除上述部件外,还有连条(6)、极柱(7)、鞍子(8)液面指示器等零部件。
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铅酸蓄电池的结构:电池壳、正极板、负极板、汇流排、隔板、电解液、极柱。
一、电池的组成:干电池、充电电池的组成成分:锌皮(铁皮)、碳棒、汞、硫酸化物、铜帽;蓄电池以铅的化合物为主。举例:1号废旧锌锰电池的组成,重量70克左右,其中碳棒5.2克,锌皮7.0克,锰粉25克,铜帽0.5克,其他32克。
二、蓄电池组成部分
极板、隔板、端子、板柱、鞍子、挡板、气塞、排气阀、安全塞、保护板、连接条、连接线、绝缘卡、极群组、正极板、负极板、极板对、极板群、极板组、密封剂、封口剂、液孔塞、隔离物、正极柱、负极柱、电解质、电解液、整体壳、整体槽、蓄电池盖、蓄电池壳、蓄电池槽、负极端子、活性物质、富尔极板、管式极板、蓄电池架、袋式极板、正极端子、液位指示器、输出电缆、端子连接条、烧结式极板、箱式负极板、形成式极板、蓄电池底垫、普朗特极板、涂膏式极板、组合极板组、蓄电池组合箱、蓄电池组外壳、蓄电池组合框、有极板盒式极板、
三、锂离子电池的组成部分
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