哪位大仙能详细的说明硫酸,盐酸,硝酸的基本生产工艺,我们的作业

最好有工艺生产流程图,327753235@qq.com 感激不尽呀
2025-04-02 00:35:29
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

硫酸:

生产硫酸的原料有硫黄、硫铁矿、有色金属冶炼烟气、石膏、硫化氢、二氧化硫和废硫酸等。硫黄、硫铁矿和冶炼烟气是三种主要原料。   1.燃烧硫或高温处理黄铁矿,制取二氧化硫   S+O2=(点燃)SO2   4FeS2+11O2=(高温)8SO2+2Fe2O3  H2SO4工业制作装置

2.接触氧化为三氧化硫   2SO2+O2=(△,V2O5)2SO3(该反应为可逆反应)   3.用98.3%硫酸吸收   SO3+H2SO4=H2S2O7(焦硫酸)   4.加水   H2S2O7+H2O=2H2SO4   ■提纯工艺   可将工业浓硫酸进行蒸馏,便可得到浓度95%-98%的商品硫酸.   其他方法   磷酸反应后,利用磷石膏,工业循环利用,使用二水法制硫酸。

盐酸:

主要采用电解法:   即将食盐进行电解,除得氢氧化钠外,在阴极有氢气产生,阳极有氯气产生:   2NaCl+2H2O====2NaOH+Cl2↑+H2↑   在反应器中将氢气和氯气通至石英制的烧嘴点火燃烧,生成氯化氢气体,并发出大量热:   H2+Cl2= (点燃)2HCl   氯化氢气体冷却后被水吸收成为盐酸。   在氯气和氢气的反应过程中,有毒的氯气被过量的氢气所包围,使氯气得到充分反应,防止了对空气的污染。在生产上,往往采取使另一种原料过量的方法使有害的、价格较昂贵的原料充分反应。

硝酸:

氨氧化法   硝酸工业与合成氨工业密接相关,氨氧化法是工业生产中制取硝  浓硝酸

酸的主要途径,其主要流程是将氨和空气的混合气(氧:氮≈2:1)通入灼热(760~840℃)的铂铑合金网,在合金网的催化下,氨被氧化成一氧化氮(NO)。生成的一氧化氮利用反应后残余的氧气继续氧化为二氧化氮,随后将二氧化氮通入水中制取硝酸。稀硝酸、浓硝酸、发烟硝酸的制取在工艺上各不相同。[4]   4NH₃(g)+ 5O₂(g)—Pt-Rh→ 4NO(g)+ 6H2O(g)   2NO(g)+ O₂(g)——→ 2NO₂ (g)   3NO₂(g)+ H2O(l)——→ 2HNO₃(aq)+ NO(g)   其它   工业上也曾使用浓硫酸和硝石制硝酸,但该法耗酸量大,设备腐蚀严重,现基本停止使用   NaNO₃(s)+ H2SO₄(l) ——→ NaHSO₄(s)+ HNO₃(g)

附件:硫酸的参考图片

回答2:

硫酸生产工艺
http://wenku.baidu.com/view/c216e1ec102de2bd96058821.html

其他两个找不到

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