“老百姓”这个词起源于什么时候?

如题
2025-03-27 16:56:06
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

我们大家有一亇通称:“老百姓”,这亇称呼是怎么来的呢?我们当了一辈子老百姓,连这个问题都没搞清楚,实在有点说不过去。所以,笔者专此进行了一番考证。 姓名起源于何时,迄今无确考。据推测,应起源于母系氏族时代,因为那个时代有了集体性的劳动,而集体劳动需要对劳动参与者进行安排,所以,需要给每个劳动参与者起一亇名以便于呼唤,这便是最早的“名”。 人类因为劳动促进了进化而有了尊卑之分,而原始状态的尊卑,尊者的地位是由“超一般的付出和能力”换来的,所以,这种原始状态的尊卑是卑者发自内心的对尊者的崇敬和恐惧以及尊者日益膨胀的内心私欲。 随着记录事物的符号完成了转化为文字的发明和人类文明的进步,需要用姓氏来规范和区别人的社会行为和地位,于是,姓就应运而生了。汉班固《白虎通义》曰:“人之所以有姓者何?所以崇恩爱、厚亲亲、远禽兽、别婚姻也.故纪世别类,使生相爱,死相哀,同姓不得相娶者,皆为重人伦也。”班固的论述证实了:1、早先的姓是一种氏族的族号,即所谓的“世纪别类。”如黄帝姓姬,姬就是一亇氏族的族号。氏族社会中有很多不同的氏族,因而,就有很多不同的姓,“百姓”一词,即源于此。对此,顾炎武老先生也有评述:“姓者本于五帝,见于春秋者,得二十二”。这就是说,春秋时有22个氏族以及22个姓。2、姓可以防止近亲通婚.事实上,在氏族社会,就已经“同姓不通婚”了。恩格斯对这个现象所下的定义是“氏族的根本原则”。3、姓一方面体现人伦,这就是所谓“崇恩爱、厚亲亲”;另一方面,牵涉到氏族每个人的政治权利和物质利益。“百姓”在奴隶制社会指的都是贵族,而奴隶是没有姓的。如:《庄子》中的庖丁、匠石等等,都是有名无姓。贵族有姓,平民无姓,因此,姓从一开始,就是区分阶级地位的标志。 到了春秋时代,大批新兴力量登上了社会舞台,他们也需要“姓”来确立自已的社会地位,原来的“百姓”显然不能满足大批新崛起的社会新贵,于是,又有了许多以封邑、居地、官名、祖先命名的姓,如“西门豹”、“解狐”、“孔丘”等等。不甘心然而又莫可奈何的没落老贵族们,为了以示区别,就将原来形成的“百姓”称作“老百姓”。 到了汉代,以奴隶制为基础、受奴隶制影响而建立的贵族制度随着奴隶制度的土崩瓦解受到严重挑战,地位低下的刘邦,也可以当皇帝了。上至天子,下至平民,都可以有姓,作为族号和贵族地位象征的姓,在人类历史的变革中,完成了自已的历史使命,终于“寿终正寝”了。遗留下来的“‘老’、‘新’百姓”的等级“官司”,也以统一到“老百姓”的称谓而宣告结束。自此,我们就拥有了一个曾经是无比显赫的称谓:“老百姓”。历史有时候就是这样开“苍海桑田”般的“超级玩笑”,你说,搞笑不搞笑?

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