腊八节的来历?

2025-03-06 06:25:27
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

腊八节的来源主要与佛祖释迦牟尼的一段传说有关。
相传佛祖释迦牟尼修行多年仍一无所获,一天他跳到河中清醒头脑,沐浴过后却再也无力爬回岸上。这时一位叫做苏耶妲的女性从旁边经过,将他拉上了岸。苏耶妲还给了他一碗用米、栗等熬成的粥,佛祖吃后精力充沛,来到菩提树下幡然觉悟,这一天恰巧是农历十二月初八。从此,佛门弟子将十二月初八这一天称为“佛成道节”,在这一天,寺庙会向世人布施稀粥。受此影响,民间也逐渐形成了腊八节吃腊八粥的习俗。
腊八节,即每年农历十二月初八,又称为“法宝节”“佛成道节”“成道会”等。本为佛教纪念释迦牟尼佛成道之节日,后逐渐也成为民间节日。

回答2:

腊八节的由来腊八最重要的节日,是农历十二月初八,古代叫做“腊日”,俗称“腊八节”。从先秦起,腊八节都是用来祭祀祖先和神灵,祈祷丰收和吉祥的节日。

腊月初八,我国人民有吃腊八粥习俗。喝腊八粥已有1000多年的历史。最早始自宋代。据说岳飞遭奸臣陷害,被扣军粮,百姓闻之,家家送去粥饭,岳军混合而食。这天正好是腊月初八。此后这个日子,百姓们都要煮腊八粥,纪念岳飞和岳家军。到了清朝,喝腊八粥的习俗更是流行。在宫廷,皇帝、皇后、皇子等都要向文武大臣、侍从宫女赐腊八、粥,并向各个寺院发放米、果等供僧侣食用。在民间,家家户户也要做腊八粥,祭祀祖先;同时,举家团聚在一起食用,馈赠亲朋好友。还有一个说法,据说腊八粥传自印度。佛教的创始者释迦牟尼本是古印度北部迦毗罗卫国(今尼泊尔境内)净饭王的儿子,他见众生受生老病死等痛苦折磨,又不满当时婆罗门的神权统治,于是舍弃王位,出家修道。

初无收获,后经六年苦行,于腊月八日在菩提树下悟道成佛。在这六年苦行中,每日仅食一麻一米。后人不忘他所受的苦难,于每年腊月初八吃粥以做纪念。“腊八”就成了“佛祖成道纪念日"。“腊八"是佛教的盛大节日。解放以前各地佛寺作浴佛会,举行诵经,并效仿释迦牟尼成道前,牧女献乳糜的传说故事,用香谷、果实等煮粥供佛,称“腊八粥”。

并将腊八粥赠送给门徒及善男信女们,以后便在民间相沿成俗。据说有的寺院于腊月初八以前由僧人手持钵盂,沿街化缘,将收集来的米、栗、枣、果仁等材料煮成腊八粥散发给穷人。传说吃了以后可以得到佛祖的保佑,所以穷人把它叫做“佛粥”。南宋陆游诗云:“今朝佛粥更相馈,反觉江村节物新。”据说杭州名刹天宁寺内有储藏剩饭的“栈饭楼”。

平时寺僧每日把剩饭晒干,积一年的余粮,到腊月初八煮成腊八粥分赠信徒,称为“福寿粥”、“福德粥”,意思是说吃了以后可以增福增寿。可见当时各寺僧爱惜粮食之美德。

腊八的习俗喝腊八粥。中国各地腊八粥的样式,千奇百怪,种类繁多。其中以北京最为考究,掺在白米中的物品较多,如红枣、莲子、核桃、栗子、杏仁、松仁、桂圆、榛子、葡萄、白果、菱角、青丝、玫瑰、红豆、花生……总共不下20种。人们在腊月初七的晚上,就开始准备起来,洗米、泡果、剥皮、去核、精拣,然后在半夜时分开始煮,再用小火炖,一直炖到第二天的清晨,腊八粥才算熬得了。

讲究的人家,还要先把果子雕刻成人形、动物样子,再放在锅中煮。

比较有特点的就是在腊八粥中放上“果狮”。果狮是用几种果子做成的狮状物,用剔去枣核烤干的脆枣做为狮身,半个核桃仁作为狮头,桃仁作为狮脚,甜杏仁用来作狮子尾巴。再用糖粘在一起,放在粥碗里,酷似一头小狮子。如果碗较大,可以摆上双狮或是四头小狮子。更精致的,就是用枣泥、豆沙、山药、山楂糕等捏成八仙人、老寿星、罗汉像等。这种装饰的腊八粥,只是在以前大寺庙的供桌上才可以看到。

腊八粥熬好之后,要先敬神祭祖。而后要赠送亲友,一定要在中午之前送过去。最后才是全家人食用。吃了几天还有剩下来的,却是好兆头,取其“年年有余”的意义。如果把粥送给穷苦的人吃,那更是为自己行善积德的行为。

腊八粥在民间还有迷信色彩。如果院子里种着花卉和果树,在枝干上涂抹一些腊八粥,相信来年果实丰硕。

腊八粥之所以能传承百代,还可能因为腊八粥具有健脾、开胃、补气、安神、清心、养血的营养价值,并有御寒作用,是冬季行行的滋补佳品。

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