如何用 纯C++开发安卓应用

2025-03-06 17:01:40
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

1.编写入口函数

android_main为入口函数,和C++中的main函数是一样的。这里创建CELLAndroidApp的对象,直接调用main函数。

void android_main(struct android_app* state)
{
CELLAndroidApp app(state);

app.main(0,0);
}

说明:其中的 CELLAndroidApp是我们设计的一个图形绘制类,稍后将对其做详细说明

2.绘制类的实现说明

2.1类的成员说明

protected:
EGLConfig _config;
EGLSurface _surface;
EGLContext _context;
EGLDisplay _display;
android_app* _app;
int _width;
int _height;

部分参数说明:

_surface:用于绘制图形,相当于windows绘图中的位图

_context:可以看做是opengl对象

_display:用于绘图的设备上下文,类似于windows绘图中的dc

2.2 构造函数说明  

CELLAndroidApp(android_app* app):_app(app)
{
_surface = 0;
_context = 0;
_display = 0;
_width = 64;
_height = 48;
app->userData = this; //用户数据
app->onAppCmd = handle_cmd; //窗口的创建销毁等
app->onInputEvent = handle_input; //回调函数
}

值得注意的是,这里的app中的userData,传入用户数据,这里直接传入this,onAppCmd传入的handle_cmd回调函数,onInputEvent传入的事handle_input回调函数

2.3 类中函数main()说明

virtual void main(int argc,char** argv)
{
int ident;
int events;
android_poll_source* source;

while (true)
{
while ((ident = ALooper_pollAll(0, NULL, &events, (void**)&source)) >= 0)
{
if (source != NULL)
source->process(_app, source); //有触摸事件,调用input函数,相当于dispatchmessage

if (_app->destroyRequested != 0)
return;
}
render();
}
}

其中的android_poll_source相当于windows中的消息队列,用于存放消息,这个函数中模拟了windows中的消息机制。

ALooper_pollAll()函数,用于获取消息。值得注意的是第一个参数,如果第一个参数传入0,则不等待,调用后直接返回,类似于windows消息机制中的pickMessage()函数,如果传入-1,则类似于windows消息机制中的SendMessage()函数。
返回值:如果返回值大于大于等于0表示获取到数据,如果为-1则表示失败,未获取到数据。

其中发source如果不为空,则表示有触摸事件,则调用process()函数,相当于windows中调用dispatchMessage()函数。

最后,调用render()函数,绘制图形。

2.4 初始化设备函数initDevice()

virtual void initDevice()
{
const EGLint attribs[] =
{
EGL_SURFACE_TYPE, EGL_WINDOW_BIT,
EGL_BLUE_SIZE, 8,
EGL_GREEN_SIZE, 8,
EGL_RED_SIZE, 8,
EGL_NONE
};
EGLint format;
EGLint numConfigs;

_display = eglGetDisplay(EGL_DEFAULT_DISPLAY);

eglInitialize(_display, 0, 0);

eglChooseConfig(_display, attribs, &_config, 1, &numConfigs);

eglGetConfigAttrib(_display, _config, EGL_NATIVE_VISUAL_ID, &format);

ANativeWindow_setBuffersGeometry(_app->window, 0, 0, format);

_surface = eglCreateWindowSurface(_display, _config, _app->window, NULL);

#if 0
EGLint contextAtt[] = { EGL_CONTEXT_CLIENT_VERSION, 2, EGL_NONE, EGL_NONE };

_context = eglCreateContext(_display, _config, 0, contextAtt);
#else
_context = eglCreateContext(_display, _config, 0, 0);
#endif

if (eglMakeCurrent(_display, _surface, _surface, _context) == EGL_FALSE)
{
LOGW("Unable to eglMakeCurrent");
return;
}

eglQuerySurface(_display, _surface, EGL_WIDTH, &_width);
eglQuerySurface(_display, _surface, EGL_HEIGHT, &_height);

onCreate();

// Initialize GL state.
glHint(GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL_FASTEST);
glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE);
glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH);
glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
glViewport(0,0,_width,_height);
glOrthof(0,_width,_height,0,-100,100);
}

首先需要说明的是attribs数组,改数组中主要存储了绘制图形的一些属性信息,他们是成对出现的,如EGL_SURFACE_TYPE则表示绘制图形类型, EGL_WINDOW_BIT则表示绘制到窗口上。

eglGetDisplay()函数:表示获取一个显示设备

eglInitialize():表示初始化获取到的显示设备

eglChooseConfig():绘制属性的配置

eglGetConfigAttrib():设置绘制格式

ANativeWindow_setBuffersGeometry():将格式应用到窗口

eglCreateWindowSurface():创建绘图窗口

eglCreateContext():创建opengl的绘图上下文

eglMakeCurrent():绑定到绘图设备上下文

eglQuerySurface():获取图片的宽度和高度,具体获取哪一个根据最后一个参数确定

glHint()、glEnable()和glOrthof()等函数则是与绘图的投影相关的内容,包括初始化、设置模式等内容。

2.5 绘制函数render()

virtual void render()
{
if(_display == 0)
{
return;
}
glClearColor(0,0,0, 1);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
if(g_arVertex.size() >= 2)
{
glColor4f(1,1,1,1);
glVertexPointer(3,GL_FLOAT,0,&g_arVertex[0]);
glDrawArrays(GL_LINE_STRIP,0,g_arVertex.size());
}

eglSwapBuffers(_display,_surface); //双缓存的交换缓冲区
}

render()函数主要用于绘制点,对主要的几个函数做如下说明:

glClearColor():用于将屏幕清为黑色

glClear():清空颜色缓冲区

glEnableClientState():启动定点数组

glVertexPointer():制定定点缓冲区

glDrawArrays():绘制点数组

eglSwapBuffers():类似双缓存的交换缓冲区

2.6 handle_cmd()函数

static void handle_cmd(android_app* app, int32_t cmd)
{
CELLAndroidApp* pThis = (CELLAndroidApp*)app->userData;
pThis->cmd(app,cmd);
}

2.7 handle_input()函数

static void handle_input(android_app* app, AInputEvent* event)
{
CELLAndroidApp* pThis = (CELLAndroidApp*)app->userData;
pThis->input(app,event);
}

2.8 input()函数

virtual int input(struct android_app* app, AInputEvent* event)
{
int32_t evtType = AInputEvent_getType(event);
switch(evtType)
{
case AINPUT_EVENT_TYPE_KEY:
break;
case AINPUT_EVENT_TYPE_MOTION:
{
int32_t sourceId = AInputEvent_getSource(event);
if(AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN == sourceId)
{
int32_t id = AMotionEvent_getAction(event);
switch(id)
{
case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE:
{
size_t cnt = AMotionEvent_getPointerCount(event);
for( int i = 0 ;i < cnt; ++ i )
{
float x = AMotionEvent_getX(event,i);
float y = AMotionEvent_getY(event,i);
float3 pt;
pt.x = x;
pt.y = y;
pt.z = 0;
g_arVertex.push_back(pt);
}

}
break;
case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN:
{
size_t cnt = AMotionEvent_getPointerCount(event);
for( int i = 0 ;i < cnt; ++ i )
{
float x = AMotionEvent_getX(event,i);
float y = AMotionEvent_getY(event,i);
}
}
break;
case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP:
{
size_t cnt = AMotionEvent_getPointerCount(event);
for( int i = 0 ;i < cnt; ++ i )
{
float x = AMotionEvent_getX(event,i);
float y = AMotionEvent_getY(event,i);
}
}
break;
}
}
else if(AINPUT_SOURCE_TRACKBALL == sourceId)
{
}
}
break;
}
return 0;
}

该函数主要用于对输入进行判断,以确定是吉键盘、鼠标或遥感等,根据具体输入做相应的操纵,这里就不再做过多的说明

AMotionEvent_getPointerCount():如果是多点触控,则将各个点保存到vector中。

2.9 cmd()函数

virtual int cmd(struct android_app* app, int32_t cmd)
{
switch(cmd)
{
case APP_CMD_SAVE_STATE:
break;
case APP_CMD_INIT_WINDOW:
initDevice();
break;
case APP_CMD_TERM_WINDOW:
shutDownDevice();
break;
case APP_CMD_GAINED_FOCUS:
break;
case APP_CMD_LOST_FOCUS:
break;
}
return 0;
}

根据传入的命令,对窗口做相应的处理。

APP_CMD_INIT_WINDOW:表示初始化窗口

2.10 shutDownDevice()函数

virtual void shutDownDevice()
{
onDestroy();

if (_display != EGL_NO_DISPLAY)
{
eglMakeCurrent(_display, EGL_NO_SURFACE, EGL_NO_SURFACE, EGL_NO_CONTEXT);
if (_context != EGL_NO_CONTEXT)
{
eglDestroyContext(_display, _context);
}
if (_surface != EGL_NO_SURFACE)
{
eglDestroySurface(_display, _surface);
}
eglTerminate(_display);
}
_display = EGL_NO_DISPLAY;
_context = EGL_NO_CONTEXT;
_surface = EGL_NO_SURFACE;
}

关闭设备,主要是将与设备相关的绑定清除,释放绑定。

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