选矿药剂有哪些?怎么配的?

2025-01-04 19:59:21
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

助磨剂、浮选药剂、助滤剂、表面改性剂等等
凡在选矿过程中,为提高该作业的效率而加入的化学添加剂,统称为选矿药剂
可以有多种配置法。水溶液配置,加溶剂配置 配制成悬浮液或乳浊液 皂化 乳化 酸化气溶胶法 药剂的电化学处理
(1)配置成5%~10%的水溶液,大多数可溶于水的药剂都采用此法(如黄药、水玻璃、硫酸铜)。
(2)加溶剂配置。有些不溶于水的药剂,可将其溶于特殊的溶剂中。例如,白药不溶于水,但可溶于10%~20%的苯胺溶液,配制成苯胺混合溶液之后,才能使用。可以有多种配置法。水溶液配置,加溶剂配置 配制成悬浮液或乳浊液 皂化 乳化 酸化气溶胶法 药剂的电化学处理

(3)配制成悬浮液或乳浊液。对于一些不易溶的固体药剂,可配制成乳浊液使用。如石灰在水中的溶解度很小,可将石灰磨细用水调成乳状悬浮液(如石灰乳)
(4)皂化。对于脂肪酸类补收剂,皂化最常用的方法,如我国赤铁矿浮选,用氧化石腊皂和托尔油配合作捕收剂。为使妥尔油皂化,配制药剂时,添加10%左右的碳酸钠,并且加温制成热的皂液添加。
  (5)乳化。乳化的方法有机械强烈搅拌,或用超声波乳化等,脂肪酸类及柴油经过乳化以后,可以增加它们在矿浆中的弥散,提高药效。加乳化剂就更有效,如妥尔油与柴油在水中加乳化剂(烷基芳基黄酸盐)许多表面活性物质,都可做为乳化剂。
  (6)酸化。在使用阳离子捕收剂时,由于它的水溶性很差,故必须用盐酸或醋酸进行予处理,然后才能溶于水,供浮选使用。
  (7)气溶胶法。这是强化药剂作用的一种新的配制方法,它的实质是使用一种特殊的喷雾装置,将药剂在空气介质中雾化以后,直接加到浮选槽内,所以,也称之为“气溶胶浮选法”。如日本田老选矿厂的试验证明,将捕收剂、起泡剂等浮选药剂,与空气混合制成气溶胶,直接加入1/3~1/4而起泡剂(甲基戊醇)为通常用量的1/5。我国试验用气溶胶法加药也证明,药剂用量可降低30%~50%。
  (8)药剂的电化学处理。在溶液中,通以直流电对选矿药剂进行电化学处理,可以改变药剂的本身状态,溶液的PH值以及氧化还原电位值。从而达到提高最有活化作用的药剂组分的浓度,提高形成胶粒的临界浓度以及提高难溶药剂在水中的分散程度等的目的。

回答2:

在选矿过程中,利用矿物天然疏水性的不同,从磨矿分级溢流矿浆中浮选出矿物的富集过程称之为浮选。在浮选作业中为使磨细矿石的各种矿物能有效的分离,必须经过药剂处理,并且在矿浆中加以搅拌、充气,易于与气泡粘附的矿物随气泡上浮,不与气泡粘附的矿物留在矿浆中,达到矿物富集的目的。在浮选工艺中所使用的各种药剂,总称为浮选药剂,在浮选药剂中除捕收剂和起泡剂外,都称为调整剂。调整剂的作用是:调整捕收剂与矿物的作用,促进或抑制矿物的可浮性;调节矿浆的酸碱度及离子的组成。按调整剂的作用效果分类,大致可分为ph调节剂、活化剂、抑制剂、分散剂,絮凝剂等。
一、ph调节剂
(一)ph调节剂有:石灰、碳酸钠、硫酸、二氧化硫、苛性钠等。
1、石灰:石灰石(caco3)在1200℃高温条件下锻烧分解为生石灰(cao)与二氧化碳,生石灰简称为石灰,生石灰易于吸水成为熟石灰(ca(oh)2)。熟石灰为白色粉状物质,不易溶解于水中,在浮选作业中通常直接添加到球磨机或者浮选前的搅拌槽中,也可以在搅拌中用水调成石灰乳,然后加入浮选机中,氢氧化钙是强碱,溶于水中的氢氧化钙完全电离,使溶液呈强碱性。

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