推荐回答(4个)
夜食症
概述
“夜食症”是一种由生活方式不当引起的疾病,多见于喜欢熬夜者或经常上夜班的中青年人。目前,医学界对“夜食症候群”已有明确定义,包括早上厌食、晚上吃得多及合并失眠症状等。“夜食症”易导致胃肠功能紊乱,引起消化性溃疡等疾病。进一步研究发现,这些病人和其他饮食失调的病人相似,就是他们的神经及内分泌可能不平衡,情绪也可能有问题。他们通常进食的次数较多,也较常人吸收较多的能量,因此导致肥胖。国外最新的研究发现,这类患者胰岛素分泌正常,倒是褪黑激素、类固酮分泌异常。
总是半夜三更饿。该如何对待?这个问题是很复杂的,大部分的人是可能得了慢性胃炎,消化不良等引起的。要么就是饮食颠倒了,为了减肥晚餐吃的少了,到半夜三更就会饿了。只要注意一下生活习惯会有所改变。
可能的原因比较复杂, 这里仅提供两个假设:
1)偏高新陈代谢水平
统计意义上,68%的人每天消耗的能量在平均水平的8%差异之内,96%的人每天消耗的能量在平均水平的16%差异之内[1]。但是还有很多数量的人每天消耗能量的值远离平均水平。对日常所学能量的影响的因素主要有性别、年龄[2]、肌肉(Fat-free mass)重量和脂肪重量[3]:
其中影响最大的因素是肌肉重量(Fat-free mass),它解释了63%的能力消耗/新陈代谢 量(Basal Metabolic Rate, BMR)。
但是,需要注意的是,目前仍然有大约26%的因素不为所知(包括甲亢、吸烟、缺血性心脏病、基因、压力、高体温等)。综合以上信息,有一部分人新陈代谢水平显著高于常人(表现为进食多)[4],但是并未表现为疾病,不能视为异类。
这样的健康但高新陈代谢水平者主要分为三种体型:消瘦型(ectomorphs)、强健型(mesomorphs)、和 大块头(endomorphs).
其中消瘦型最为难以令人理解。主要原因在于其人的激素分泌(生长激素等)导致的脂代谢水平,以及胰岛素敏感性[5]。这类人很难通过进食/锻炼等方式增加体重,其激素分泌情况会随着年龄增加改变,因此年龄是其最可能的改变体型的因素。
由于晚餐到睡眠时间间隔较其他餐间间隔长,因此更容易晚间进食。
2) 夜食症(Night-Eating Syndrome, NES; Nocturnal Hhypnograms)
这一类人占人群的大约1.5%[6], 主要表现为随着睡眠而到来的难以抑制的进食欲望[7],另外还有隐性的症状:容易失眠/睡眠状况差(夜间频繁醒来)[8]。
一般来说,由于夜食症者的这一习性,会导致TA容易积累脂肪[9],但是也不排除少部分人由于内分泌和体质方面的因素并不出现超重。
夜食症的主要原因可能在于基因突变[10]:
在人脑开始转变神经内分泌状态(为什么人常会在黑夜里,变得矫情万分? - Owl of Minerva 的回答)逐渐转变为睡眠态时,具有突变基因的个体,由于机制的错误,在本该累积困意的时刻,产生了无法抵御的食欲。同时由于这一机制的错误,导致夜食症患者的褪黑素分泌不足,更容易在睡眠中被唤醒,睡眠深度也受到影响[11]。
我是复制的哈哈
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