玛雅人祭祀中的“人祭”节是怎么回事?

2025-02-11 17:23:39
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

在奴隶社会的玛雅人祭祀中,最悲壮的,是“人祭”节。被祭献的活人,有的是奴隶,也有的是他们的孩子。这种祭祀,是祭司要根据灾祸的大小来决定。待“人祭”节到来的时候,庙宇人员、祭司们都要先进行斋戒,被做为“人祭”的,要在节日之前,被祭司带着,边走边舞地走街串巷。

到了“人祭”的这天,作为“人祭”的人,便要被全身剥得精光,然后要被涂抹一种蓝色的颜料,涂遍全身,还要再给他戴上一顶纸帽子。前来参加仪式的人们,也都要身上佩带着弓箭,围绕着做“人祭”的人和木桩一起舞蹈,一边舞着,一边把“人祭”高高地捆到木桩上,人们继续注视着他并围绕着他跳舞。这时,身穿祭服的祭司,攀上柱子,用箭一下刺进他的阴部,便迅速地下到树底,接着淌下来的血,不住地往自己的脸上涂。接着,他向跳舞的人发出了信号,人们便一边舞着,一边在走到牺牲者的面前,拉弓搭箭,朝预先已作了记号的“人祭”心脏处射箭,牺牲者痛不堪言,直到被乱箭射死,算是祭了神灵;有的时候,要把作“人祭”的人带上一个圆形的祭坛,由恰克抓住他的腿、胳膊和手,刽子手的“纳科姆”,手拿尖刀,一下猛刺进他的左肋里,接着把手插进他的胸膛,掏出一颗血淋淋还在跳动的心脏,放到一个盘子里,端给祭司。祭司便用鲜血,涂抹着偶像的脸。然后,祭司们把牺牲者抛下台阶,神职人员便剥掉他全身的皮肤,除去手脚,把人皮披到祭司的身上。人们便围绕着祭司开始跳舞,牺牲者的尸体便被埋到院内,也有的被人吃掉。若牺牲者是战俘,主人就要拿着他的骨头挥舞着欢呼,以示胜利。“人祭”是一种极为残酷的祭祀,从这种残酷的仪式中,能够看出这种宗教的变形,和玛雅文明走向毁灭的必然,也能够体会到后来玛雅文化神秘毁灭的必然。

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