如何更改ORACLE 用户的 expired状态

2025-03-15 17:14:24
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

oracle中, 经常用户的状态会变成locked, expired 等状态, 这种情况下怎么处理呢?

  首先, 如果是locked状态还好办, DBA直接执行alter user scott account unlock 就可以了.

  但是如果变成expired状态, oracle本身是不提供解锁的语句的, 因为账户过期,必须要用户更改密码, 账户才能重新使用. 但有些时候, 因为各种原因, 我们并不知道原密码的明文是什么,这时候就很麻烦了, 经研究发现,有两种方法可以实现:

  一. 用原密码的密文来更改密码:

  [sql] view plaincopyprint?
  01.SQL>conn /as sysdba
  02.SQL>select password from dba_users where username='SCOTT';
  03.password
  04.------------------------------
  05.E65E6AF62B2449CF
  06.
  07.SQL>alter user SCOTT identified by values 'E65E6AF62B2449CF';
  SQL>conn /as sysdba
  SQL>select password from dba_users where username='SCOTT';
  password
  ------------------------------
  E65E6AF62B2449CF

  SQL>alter user SCOTT identified by values 'E65E6AF62B2449CF';

  这种情况下,虽然我们不知道原密码是什么,但可以用它的密文来更改密码,这样,在不知道原密码的情况下,既保持了密码不改变, 又可以把expired的状态更改掉.

  二. 下面这一条语句搞定,不管用户的状态是什么:

  [sql] view plaincopyprint?
  01.UPDATE USER$ SET ASTATUS=0 WHERE NAME='SCOTT';
  UPDATE USER$ SET ASTATUS=0 WHERE NAME='SCOTT';

  原理详解:
  用户的信息都是存在user$这样一个系统表里面的

  [sql] view plaincopyprint?
  01.SQL> select name,ASTATUS,password from user$ where name IN('SYS','SCOTT');
  02.
  03.
  04.NAME ASTATUS PASSWORD
  05.------------------------------ ---------- ------------------------------
  06.SCOTT 1 E65E6AF62B2449CF
  07.SYS 0 8A8F025737A9097A
  08.
  09.SQL> select username,account_status from dba_users where username in('SYS','SCOTT');
  10.
  11.USERNAME ACCOUNT_STATUS
  12.------------------------------ --------------------------------
  13.SYS OPEN
  14.SCOTT EXPIRED
  SQL> select name,ASTATUS,password from user$ where name IN('SYS','SCOTT');

  NAME ASTATUS PASSWORD
  ------------------------------ ---------- ------------------------------
  SCOTT 1 E65E6AF62B2449CF
  SYS 0 8A8F025737A9097A

  SQL> select username,account_status from dba_users where username in('SYS','SCOTT');

  USERNAME ACCOUNT_STATUS
  ------------------------------ --------------------------------
  SYS OPEN
  SCOTT EXPIRED

  而用户ASTATUS对应的表为:user_astatus_map

  [sql] view plaincopyprint?
  01.SQL> select * from user_astatus_map;
  02.
  03. STATUS# STATUS
  04.---------- --------------------------------
  05. 0 OPEN
  06. 1 EXPIRED
  07. 2 EXPIRED(GRACE)
  08. 4 LOCKED(TIMED)
  09. 8 LOCKED
  10. 5 EXPIRED & LOCKED(TIMED)
  11. 6 EXPIRED(GRACE) & LOCKED(TIMED)
  12. 9 EXPIRED & LOCKED
  13. 10 EXPIRED(GRACE) & LOCKED
  14.
  15.9 rows selected.
  SQL> select * from user_astatus_map;

  STATUS# STATUS
  ---------- --------------------------------
  0 OPEN
  1 EXPIRED
  2 EXPIRED(GRACE)
  4 LOCKED(TIMED)
  8 LOCKED
  5 EXPIRED & LOCKED(TIMED)
  6 EXPIRED(GRACE) & LOCKED(TIMED)
  9 EXPIRED & LOCKED
  10 EXPIRED(GRACE) & LOCKED

  9 rows selected.

  关键是user$表本身是可以更改的, 所以此时我们就可以直接把用户的ASTATUS字段改成0就可以了

  [sql] view plaincopyprint?
  01.SQL> UPDATE USER$ SET ASTATUS=0 WHERE NAME='SCOTT';
  02.1 row updated.
  03.
  04.SQL> COMMIT;
  05.Commit complete.
  06.
  07.SQL> alter system flush shared_pool;
  08.System altered.
  SQL> UPDATE USER$ SET ASTATUS=0 WHERE NAME='SCOTT';
  1 row updated.

  SQL> COMMIT;
  Commit complete.

  SQL> alter system flush shared_pool;
  System altered.

  再来观察结果:

  [sql] view plaincopyprint?
  01.SQL> select name,ASTATUS,password from user$ where name IN('SYS','SCOTT');
  02.
  03.NAME ASTATUS PASSWORD
  04.------------------------------ ---------- ------------------------------
  05.SCOTT 0 E65E6AF62B2449CF
  06.SYS 0 8A8F025737A9097A
  07.
  08.SQL> select username,account_status from dba_users where username in('SYS','SCOTT');
  09.
  10.USERNAME ACCOUNT_STATUS
  11.------------------------------ --------------------------------
  12.SCOTT OPEN
  13.SYS OPEN
  SQL> select name,ASTATUS,password from user$ where name IN('SYS','SCOTT');

  NAME ASTATUS PASSWORD
  ------------------------------ ---------- ------------------------------
  SCOTT 0 E65E6AF62B2449CF
  SYS 0 8A8F025737A9097A

  SQL> select username,account_status from dba_users where username in('SYS','SCOTT');

  USERNAME ACCOUNT_STATUS
  ------------------------------ --------------------------------
  SCOTT OPEN
  SYS OPEN

回答2:

临时解决问题。
(1)修改该用户的密码。
(2)修改user$表中该用户的status状态。
永久解决问题。
修改密码到期时间,密码可以改为永不过期。这样就不会出现这个问题了。
具体的修改方式自己找吧,我只是提供一个方向。毕竟自己搞定,才能记住。

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