推荐回答(1个)
1.制型:后期比拟敦薄,器型革新未几。后期薄薄皆有,以薄为主。器型史无前例,幻化莫测。罕见以盘碗盖罐及日用器皿为多。后期则不雅欣赏,陈列器物删多。年夜到屏风、龙缸,小到鸟食罐等。碗革新较多,有洗式、墩式、四圆菱角式、斗笠式、二折腰、三折腰等。奇特是斗笠式碗最典型,特征是胎体薄。借有凤尾尊、花觚、笔筒、象腿瓶、筒式瓶等。
2.工艺:碗,深背高圈足,盘碗底足深,圈子年夜,足直、足根圆,俗名灯草根。露底布分能见一道道很细的旋坯痕。部门是璧形足和隔漏底足。笔筒底中有脐形,瓶罐接心不较着。盘碗底部皆有极细缩釉面,象针鼻眼。
3.胎釉:后期疏松,瓷量灰白;后期坚致,瓷量细白,如糯米粉。后期釉色白中闪青,露铁,后期闪现浆白釉,黑暗。釉面能见桔皮纹,白度删强。明朝青花有影青味,清带青花则雪白。
4.青花:后期以石子青为主,色灰暗。后期有石子青、回青,但以回青为主,呈色光芒光耀明快、洁明。青花原料好、底釉白,画风考究,具有清初年夜画家“四王”的笔法,闪现条理。好的青花有玉量感。青花种类有白地青花、中酱色内青花、青花釉里红、豆青青花、青花加紫等。祭蓝釉中有洒蓝、雪花蓝,借有花觚与笔筒,主若是青花,心沿及圈足处用暗花卷草纹润饰藻饰之。
5.纹饰:后期粗暴,有明末遗风,技法采用单线平涂,挖蓝处常常分聚散溢不工整。后期技法流利、工巧,面蓝用山川画的披麻皴。题材,后期有山川人物龙凤花鸟鱼虫飞禽等。后期,题材宽年夜、网罗万象。如二十四孝中“孟中哭竹”等。康熙时创新长篇铭文,有:“前后班师表”、“前后赤壁赋”、“兰亭序”、“腾王阁序”、“圣主得贤臣诗赋”等。诗文后常常用釉里红钤记。文字有“熙朝传古”、“熙朝博古”、“文章山斗”、“文房山斗”、“博古雅玩”等。瓶罐画有和平故事的,如“三国志”、“水浒转”等;(俗称“刀马人”)戏直故事有“西厢记”、“竹林七贤”、“直水流觞”等。清朝好几朝,青花图案喜留白边,但以康熙朝留白边最宽。康熙时画菊,留白边,且条理多。康熙时初绘勾莲、西番莲、洋莲等。
6.款识:后期楷书,后期用篆书。“年夜清康熙年制”,丁末是康熙六年。借有永乐宣德、嘉靖的假托款。明朝书法刚毅无力,清朝仿制的采用馆阁体,较为虚弱软弱硬朗。篆书是细硬的铁线篆。楷书年号写得较扁,底下一划较长。大众款有:玉石宝珍、杏林春宴、若深收躲、北庆堂制、益友堂制、偶石宝鼎之珍等。干收年号款,有丁末、葵丑、戊申等。普通康熙二十年之前,青花收灰。芝麻酱心、康熙皆有。康熙时有很多假托款,而且较好。总的特面是用笔有力、工整,是馆阁体。图记款有杂宝、爵、螺、角、春叶、圆胜、团鹤、团凤等,借有画笔、银锭、如意的,露意为“必定如意”。图记款,明朝有,但较少。康熙借有仿成化天字罐,写天字款的。有一种底心独一双圈的。康熙初期本款极少。
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