胡杨是什么植物

2025-02-22 09:38:51
推荐回答(5个)
回答1:

胡杨虽然生命力极强,“生而不死一千年,死而不倒一千年,倒而不朽一千年”。但也逃不过长期无水的灾难,这千年胡杨却活不到一百年,泪尽沙海。
胡杨虽然生长在极旱荒漠区,但骨子里却充满对水的渴望。尽管为适应干旱环境,它做了许多改变,例如叶革质化、枝上长毛,甚至幼树叶如柳叶,以减少水分的蒸发,因而有“异叶杨”之名。然而,作为一棵大树,还是需要相应水分维持生存。因此,在生态型上,它还是中生植物,即介于水生和旱生的中间类型。那么,它需要的水从哪里来呢?原来,它是一类跟着水走的植物,沙漠河流流向哪里,它就跟随到哪里。而沙漠河流的变迁又相当频繁,于是,胡杨在沙漠中处处留下了曾驻足的痕迹。靠着根系的保障,只要地下水位不低于4米,它依然能生活得很自在;在地下水位跌到6~9米后,它只能强展欢颜、萎靡不振了;地下水位再低下去,它就只能辞别尘世。所以,在沙漠中只要看到成列的或鲜或干的胡杨,就能判断这里曾经有水流过。
塔里木盆地的胡杨,特别是塔里木河沿岸的胡杨,是地球上胡杨最多的一片分布区,曾经十分辉煌。西汉时期,楼兰的胡杨覆盖率至少在40%以上,人们的吃、住、行都得靠它。在清代,仍“胡桐(即胡杨)遍野,而成深林”。但从20世纪的50年代中期至70年代中期的短短20年间,塔里木盆地胡杨林面积由52万公顷锐减至35万公顷,减少近三分之一;在塔里木河下游,胡杨林更是锐减70%。在幸存下来的树林中,衰退林占了相当部分。

回答2:

骆驼刺,俗称骆驼草。《辞海》里是这样注释的:豆科,落叶半灌木。茎灰绿色,有针刺。花红色,总状花序,结荚果。它个头不高,仅有三四十公分,模样古怪,像草不是草,像柴不是柴,而且浑身长满针刺。也许正是因为它矮小不起眼,而又容易惹是生非的缘故,人们才将它遗忘在了茫茫的沙漠和戈壁上。

其实,骆驼刺和胡杨、红柳、梭梭等植物一样,都是沙漠植物里的旗舰物种。自从在沙漠腹地和戈壁荒滩上安家那天起,它们就宛如兄弟姐妹,手牵着手,肩并着肩,日复一复、年复一年地坚守着家园,忠实地履行着战天斗地、维护生态平衡的神圣使命,并以其独特的风姿和绿色装扮着浩瀚的沙海和戈壁,成为亘古荒原之上一道靓丽的风景。

回答3:

胡杨是亚非荒漠地区典型的替水旱中生至中生植物

回答4:

回答5:

在塔克拉玛干的腹地,有一片纯沙漠地带。所谓的纯沙漠,就是年降雨量不足一百毫米,又没有水灌溉的地方。然而,就在这无雨无水,干旱,盐碱,人称“死亡之海”的沙漠里,却有着一种古老的树种——胡杨树。
在那里,一些胡杨树已经死了,但它们虽死不倒,粗壮如一座座黑色碉堡;一些胡杨树已被风沙掏空了主干,露出了干枯的胸膛,然而在粗裂的枝干顶端,依稀迸发着新枝绿叶;自然更多是风华正茂的胡杨,在风中抖动着满身的绿色,纵然你抬起头来,也无法见到它高耸入云的树冠。
无论是站着的胡杨还是身躯弯曲或仆倒在地的胡杨,在它的脚下,均不见有一棵小草在生长。干裂得张着大口的地面上,弧形的裂纹,一环套一环。胡杨树,千年不死,死了千年不倒,倒了千年不朽。面对不幸,面对坎坷,它们竭尽全力抗争,显示出生命超乎寻常的伟大!
纵观历史,多少出类拔萃者之所以出类拔萃,重要的一点就在于他们具有胡杨般坚韧的品格,面对困境,面对挫折,决不报输,他们憋足力气一往直前,体现了非凡的勇气和非凡的毅力。

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