是个定从。可以把to designate someone 括弧起来看就很明朗了。from后面是对a week的修饰,补充说明。从句不缺成分所以引导词可省。 拜托。。the moment是先行词
final results are published in the official gazette on February 18是一个定语从句,修饰the moment ,定语从句中的先行词that被省略了
he has a week to designate someone from the moment(that) final results are published in the official gazette on February 18.
从2月18号出版的公报上公布最终结果的那一刻,他还有一个星期时间指定人选。
不过这句话有点别扭,你那样翻译的还可以,但是这里用的是from.
(the moment )final results are published in the official gazette on February 18. 时间状语从句,引导词是 the moment
是个the moment引导的宾语从句
做的是from的介宾