《黄河大合唱》的由来

急,快!
2024-12-15 23:18:50
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

“风在吼,马在叫,黄河在咆哮……”这首《黄河大合唱》,许多人耳熟能详。可也许有人不知道歌词的作者光未然即张光年当年写的初稿中,并不是“马在叫”,而是“驴在叫”。是著名诗人贺敬之看了他写的初稿之后,认为“驴的形象稍逊雅观”,建议将“驴在叫”改为“马在叫”。

张光年当初为何如此“马虎”
,把形象不大雅观的驴当作“歌颂”对象呢?原来他采用现实主义笔法,写的是实情实景。他当年(1938年11月)带领抗敌演出队向吕梁山抗日根据地转移,途经黄河壶口,耳闻目睹“黄河之水天上来,奔流到海不复回”的壮观景象,不禁浮想联翩,文思泉涌,史诗《黄河吟》(后改编为《黄河大合唱》)便油然而生。在张光年当时的耳闻目睹中,除了狂风的怒吼和黄河的咆哮,还有驴的嘶叫。原来由于战火纷飞,当地的马都入伍打仗去了,只有驴在山道上奔波,为前线和后方立下“汗驴功劳”。驴的嘶叫与狂风的怒吼和黄河的咆哮混合一起,组成惊天动地的“交响曲”,张光年因此信笔写下“风在吼,驴在叫,黄河在咆哮……”

“马在叫”,唱起来确实很好听很美感。在国人的传统观念中,马是英俊勇敢的象征。尤其在文人墨客笔下,马简直被美化甚至神化成英雄一般。在有关马的成语中,马的形象大都是“正面”的,譬如马到成功、马不停蹄、一马当先、万马奔腾……国人对马如此厚爱,除了因为马在交通运输方面立下汗马功劳之外,还因为马在战争中发挥着冲锋陷阵的重大作用。中国有史以来战乱频发,马在战场上大有英雄用武之地。因此无论是诗人咏马,还是画家画马,大都是英俊潇洒、威风凛凛的战马。《黄河大合唱》是表现中国民族解放运动的诗歌,字里行间弥漫着战争的硝烟,而战场上岂能没有马的身影?因此贺敬之建议将“驴在叫”改成“马在叫”,实在是再恰当不过了。不知张光年当年是否感谢过这位“一字师”?

“驴在叫”,唱起来恐怕就有点“不堪入耳”了。在国人的心目中,驴的形象岂止是“稍逊雅观”,简直是“糟糕透顶”。在有关驴的日常词汇中,驴的形象大都是负面的,譬如笨驴、黔驴技穷、驴子屙屎外面光……当人们怀着庄严和悲愤的心情聆听《黄河大合唱》时,突然响起“驴在叫”的声音,岂不是大煞风景么?

文艺创作本是源于生活又高于生活的,作品中美好的东西也许是虚构的,但并不影响人们对它们的欣赏和爱好。

回答2:

一:背景

《黄河大合唱》写成于抗日战争时期,1938年秋冬,作者随抗日部队行军至大西北的黄河岸边。中国雄奇的山川,战士们英勇的身姿激发了作者的创作灵感,时代的呼唤促使他怀着高涨的爱国热情谱写了一篇大型朗诵诗《黄河吟》,后来被改写成《黄河大合唱》的歌词。作品由八个乐章组成,它以丰富的艺术形象,壮阔的历史场景和磅礴的气势,表现出黄河儿女的英雄气概。

1938年11月武汉沦陷后,著名诗人光未然带领抗敌演剧三队,从陕西宜川县的壶口附近东渡黄河,转入吕梁山抗日根据地。途中目睹了黄河船夫们与狂风恶浪搏斗的情景,聆听了高亢、悠扬的船工号子。在次年1月抵达延安后,写出了《黄河》词作,并在这年的除夕联欢会上朗诵了这部诗篇。

冼星海回国痛感民族危亡的深重,深知民众的苦痛。在民族危亡的严重关头,他站在民族斗争的前例。他确信中国共产党才是中华民族的中流砥柱,他加入了中国共产党。为了民族解放,“为抗战发出怒吼”,他纵笔谱写歌曲。

1939年冼星海去看望病床上的青年诗人光未然,听其朗诵《黄河吟》听其讲述黄河呼啸奔腾的壮丽景象遂荡其共鸣,乐思如潮,非常兴奋,表示要为演剧队创作《黄河大合唱》。冼星海在延安一座简陋的土窑里,抱病连续写作六天,完成了这部具有历史意义的大型声乐作品《黄河大合唱》。半月之内又完成了该作品八个乐章及伴奏音乐的全部乐谱。写就了这一时代的中华民族的音乐史诗。

之后,《黄河大合唱》在延安陕北公学大礼堂首演,引起巨大反响,很快传遍整个中国。 《黄河大合唱》为我国现代大型声乐创作提供了光辉的典范。在六十年代后期,还被改编为钢琴协奏曲。

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