推荐回答(5个)
耵聍,为外耳道软骨部皮肤的耵聍腺所分泌的淡黄色黏稠液体,耵聍腺是一种特殊的汗腺,位于长有耳毛的外耳道皮肤处。耵聍在空气中干燥后成薄片状,但有的耵聍状如黏稠的油脂,俗称“油耳”。耵聍具有保护外耳道皮肤和黏附外物(如尘埃、小虫子等)的作用。平时借咀嚼、张口等运动,耵聍可自行脱落排出。耵聍栓塞是指外耳道内耵聍分泌过多或排出受阻,使耵聍在外耳道内聚集成团,阻塞外耳道。耵聍栓塞形成后,可影响听力或诱发炎症,是耳鼻喉科常见病之一。耵聍栓塞因程度及部位的不同而症状有异。外耳道未完全阻塞者,多无症状;患者有临床表现前来就诊时,往往可见到耵聍完全阻塞外耳道。
病因
1.耵聍分泌过多
因外耳道炎、湿疹、在粉尘较多的环境中工作、挖耳等使局部受到刺激,使耵聍分泌过多。
2.耵聍排出受阻
外耳道狭窄、瘢痕、肿瘤、异物存留等均可阻碍耵聍排出。经常挖耳,可将耵聍推向外耳道深部,下颌关节运动障碍或耵聍被水浸渍等均影响耵聍的正常排出。
临床表现
耵聍栓塞因程度及部位的不同而症状有异。外耳道未完全阻塞者,多无症状;患者有临床表现前来就诊时,往往可见到耵聍完全阻塞外耳道。
1.听力下降
耵聍完全阻塞外耳道,可使听力减退。临床上主要表现为传导性听力下降。若遇水膨胀,可致听力骤降,应与特发性突聋鉴别。
2.耳闷及耳痛
耵聍栓塞后可诱发外耳道皮肤糜烂、肿胀、肉芽形成等,表现为耳部疼痛或闷胀感。
3.其他
若耵聍压迫鼓膜时可引起耳鸣、眩晕及听力减退,若耵聍压迫外耳道后壁皮肤,可因刺激迷走神经耳支引起反射性咳嗽。
4.体征
检查可见外耳道为黄色、棕褐色或黑色块状物所阻塞,质硬如石或质软如泥,多与外耳道紧密相贴,不易活动。
让它自己脱落我想它不太愿意,所以您只能采取以下措施:
1、器械去除法
稍小而未完全阻塞耵聍外耳道块,耵聍可钩研沿外耳道后、上壁缓缓伸入其耵聍内侧逐渐钩出。外耳道后上壁敏感性较差,故可先于该处着手夹取耵聍。较软耵聍栓塞耵聍可钳或枪状镊分次夹取之。坚硬而嵌塞较紧耵聍,可先用3%—5%碳酸氢纳溶液或硼酸甘油、石蜡油、核桃油等滴耳,每日3—4次。以润化耵聍,3—4日后再行钩取或夹取。贴近鼓膜的耵聍团块或不能合作的患儿均不宜采用此法。
2、外耳道冲洗法
耵聍坚硬难以用器械法取出者,可先用3%—5%碳酸氢纳溶液或硼酸甘油等滴耳,每日3—4次,3日耵聍后冲洗器将润化耵聍一次或分次冲洗干净。
3、洗方法
患者取侧坐位、头向健侧偏斜,紧贴患侧耳垂下方的皮肤置放一弯盘,以盛装冲洗时流出的水液,操作者以左手将患侧耳廓轻轻向后上(小儿向后下)牵引,右手取吸满温热生理盐水、接有塑料管的20ml的注射器或橡皮球置于外耳道口,向外耳道的后上壁方向冲洗。冲洗液进入深部并借回流力量将耵聍或异物冲出。如此反复冲洗,直至耵聍或异物冲出为止。最后用干棉签拭净外耳道。注意:
(1)有急、慢性化脓性中耳炎等鼓膜穿孔者忌用;
(2)冲洗液应接近体温,过热或过冷,都可引起迷路刺激症状;
(3)冲洗方向必须斜对外耳道后上壁,若直对鼓膜、可引起鼓膜损伤,民直对耵聍或异物,则可将其充至外耳道深部,更不利于取出。
据耵聍栓塞的具体情况可采取:
1、较小的可直接用镊子、耵聍钩取出。
2、大而坚硬者,可先用3%~5%碳酸氢钠溶液或植物油滴耳,每日5~6次,待耵聍软化后再行取出。
3、合并外耳道炎者,应先抗炎治疗,可滴入3%硼酸甘油或4%酚甘油,每日数次,必要时内服抗生素,3~4日后再取耵聍。
耵聍栓塞是指外耳道内耵聍分泌过多或排出受阻,使耵聍在外耳道内聚集成团,阻塞外耳道。耵聍栓塞形成后,可影响听力或诱发炎症,是耳鼻喉科常见病之一。耵聍栓塞因程度及部位的不同而症状有异。外耳道未完全阻塞者,多无症状;患者有临床表现前来就诊时,往往可见到耵聍完全阻塞外耳道。
您好,什么是耵聍栓塞?外耳道软骨部皮肤有耵聍腺,其分视物能保护外耳道皮肤和站财异物。正常情况下,耵聍干燥星片状,可自行脱落。如果盯聍过多,积聚成团,堵塞外耳道,可使听力下降。若耵聍压迫鼓膜可引起眩晕、耳鸣及听力减退。若耵聍压迫外耳道后壁皮肤,可因刺激迷走神经耳支而引起反射性咳嗽。此外,盯听还会诱发外耳道皮肤糜烂、肿账、肉芽形成。取出耵聘后,这些症状多可自愈,合并感染者应先控制感染。希望我的回答能够帮助您。
(1)耳朵有被堵住的感觉;
(2)耳朵有疼痛感;
(3)轻度听力损失;
(4)耳鸣;
(5)瘙痒、异味或产生分泌物;
(6)引起咳嗽。
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