推荐回答(3个)
江西诗派的诗歌理论强调“夺胎换骨”、“点铁成金”,即或师承前人之辞,或师承前人之意;崇尚瘦硬奇拗的诗风;追求字字有出处。在创作实践中,诗派“以故为新”,重要作家的诗作风格迥异,自成一体,成为宋代最有影响的诗歌流派。
江西诗派是宋代诗坛上一个重要的流别,其影响相当深广,南宋许多著名诗人如杨万里、陆游等都在艺术上受到江西诗派的熏陶,元代仍受江西诗派的影响,甚至在清代江西诗派还曾风靡一时。
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江西诗派成员
吕本中作《江西诗杜宗派图》,推黄庭坚为宗派之首,以下,“列陈师道、潘大临、谢逸、洪刍、饶节、僧祖可、徐俯、洪朋、林敏修、洪兴、汪革、李錞、韩驹、李彭、晁冲之、江端本、杨符、射过、夏倪、林敏功、潘大观、何觊、五直方、曾善权、高荷、合二十五人以为嗣。”
庭坚为江西人,故有江西派之称。但其中并不都是江西人,而与吕本中同时被推为该派重要成员的曾几、陈与义却未被列入“宗派图”内。稍后,杨万里以曾紘、曾思二人补为“江西续派”,庭坚等人论诗反对西昆体,师法唐杜甫、韩愈、孟郊。
以上内容参考 百度百科——江西诗派
南宋初,吕本中作《江西诗社宗派图》,将黄庭坚、陈师道等二十余人列为江西诗派。江西诗派是在黄庭坚的直接影响下形成的,他们的创作具有与黄庭坚类似的众多特点,讲究用典,生新瘦硬,是宋代一个影响深远的文学流派。代表人物有黄庭坚、陈师道、陈与义三人,他们后来又被称为这个诗派的“三宗”。这个诗派最主要的特征是在语言技巧方面“以故为新”,讲求“点铁成金”、“夺胎换骨”,去摹古、变古,追求奇险硬涩的风格。
作为江西诗派的开创者,黄庭坚的诗歌理论有很大影响。他的诗歌理论涉及的范围相当广泛,诸如诗歌本体论、创作论、鉴赏论、诗人论以及诗的境界、风格等都有所论及。但是主要还是诗歌创作论范畴。 黄庭坚诗歌理论中最著名的主张是:“夺胎换骨”、“点铁成金”。即或师承前人之辞、或师承前人之意的一种方法,目的是要在诗歌创作中“以故为新”。他主张多读前人作品,从中汲取艺术营养,熟练地掌握炼字、造句、谋篇等写技巧,同时力求打破技巧的束缚而进入“不烦绳削而自合”的境界,并争取超越前人而自成一家。他极力推崇杜甫,把晚期杜甫诗视为宋诗美学理想的参照典范。他的尊杜观点最能体现宋代诗学的时代精神。他主张对前代诗歌的语言艺术作积极的借鉴。。他说:“自作语最难,老杜作诗,退之作文,无一字无来处。盖后人读书少,故谓韩、杜自作此语耳。故之能为文章者,真能陶冶万物,虽取古人之陈言入于翰墨,如灵丹一粒,点铁成金也。” 黄庭坚在创作实践中比较有效地运用了这种方法,取得了一些成绩。但是,这种方法忽略了文学创作的唯一源泉即社会生活,所以也产生了较大的流弊。后来有一些缺乏创新精神的诗人奉此为圭臬,片面追求“无一字无来处”,而又不能“求新”,于是拾人牙慧,典故连篇,形象枯竭,形成了江西诗派中的末流。这是江西诗派长期以来受人讥评的主要原因。
江西诗派的影响在北宋末期已经非常显著,如当时的汪藻等人虽然没有被看成诗派中人,但他们在创作中也受到黄庭坚和陈师道较大的影响。到了南宋,江西诗派的影响更遍及于整个诗坛,象杨万里、陆游、姜夔等著名诗人都曾在艺术上受到江西诗派的熏陶。江西诗派的影响在宋代以后也不绝如缕,其余波一直延及近代的同光体诗人。
江西诗派的宗主黄庭坚倡导求新求变,要在广泛吸取前人文学遗产的基础后上推陈出新,自成一家,这种思想贯穿了江西诗派的正个发展嬗变史。
而江西诗派的吕本中也提出“活法”说。“活法”说是促进江西诗派发展变化重要诗学思想,也成为诗坛上公认的艺术准则
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