推荐回答(5个)
镀膜的方法很多,分类方法也各不一样。按膜层的形成方法来分类,可以分为干式镀膜和湿式镀膜。 干式镀膜是指在真空的条件下,应用物理或化学的方法,将材料气化成原子、分子或使其电离成离子,并通过气相过程,在基体表面沉积一层具有特殊性能的薄膜技术,所以也称为气相沉积或真空镀膜。干式镀膜技术可以分为物理气相沉积(Physical Vapor Cleposition,PVD)和化学气相沉积(Chemical Vapor Cleposition,CVD)。 湿式镀膜是指将工件置于电解质溶液中,通过化学、电化学的方法,使其表面形成镀层,所以也有人称为溶液法或液相沉积法。 镀金是湿式镀膜的一种,
镀金按照有无电解过程分为化学金和电镀金,其中化学金没有电解过程,电镀金有电镀过程.两种方式从广义上讲,统称为镀金.
化学金按化学反应方式的不同分为化金和浸金,化金是指通过化学氧化还原反应的方法生成一层镀层,一般厚度较厚,是化学镍金金层沉积方法的一种可以达到较厚的金层 ;浸金又称置换金 ,是一种无需还原剂的典型『置换』(Replacement)反应 .
镀金的原理是原电池反应,是用电解法使金属或非金属制品表面沉积一层金属的过程.电镀时阳极发生氧化反应,溶解失去离子;阴极发生还原反应得到离子,形成镀层。厚度1--4微英寸左右 .现在的电镀金有两类:镀软金(纯金,金表面看起来不亮)和镀硬金(表面平滑和硬,耐磨,含有钴等其他元素,金表面看起来较光亮)。
化学金的一般流程为
清洁→微蚀→预浸→活化→化学镀镍→化学浸金
电镀金的一般流程为
贴胶→割胶→自动镀镍金→撕胶→水洗吹干
镀金的方式不同,故镀层的结构和性质有所差异。
化金:主要用于焊接或者打铝线.
镀金 :软金主要用于芯片封装时打金线;硬金主要用在非焊接处的电性互连。
镀金分两种,一种是镀真金一般用K金来衡量的,镀层很薄的一般为8-12um,一种是加色精在面漆里面,颜色看上是金色,不是真镀金的
镀金分为两类,一类呈同质材料镀金,另一类是异质材料镀金。同质材料镀金是指对黄金首饰的表面进行镀金处理,它的意义是提高首饰的光亮性及色泽。异质材料镀金是指对非黄金材料的表面迸行镀金处理,如银镀金,铜镀金。它的意义是欲以黄金的光泽替代被镀材料的色泽,从而提高首饰的观赏效果。
化学镀金的优点是要镀的部分不需要电器连接,镀层均匀,更适合于表面贴装。缺点是溶液较难维护,打底用的化学镍要定期洗槽,以洗去槽表面沉上的镍,这样造成生产的不连续。运行成本也较高。化学镀金层的硬度和耐磨性比电镀硬金差,能达到的厚度有限,不适合某些表面贴装的焊接方法。为了弥补这一缺点,也有用化学镀镍钯金来代替化学镍金,以适合表面贴装的各种焊接方法。广州贻顺化工致力于各种金属表面处理剂、金属工艺液等,有非常要好的技术支持,有关化学镀金液有很多,比如铜表面化学镀真金水,用于各种电子工业、印刷线路板焊片铜件等,使用本剂镀金后可增强导电性、可焊性和防腐性。适用于黄铜、紫铜及各种铜金属表面进行化学镀金。产品环保无氰化物,无任何有毒害物质,可以大胆操作。
电镀金的优缺点正相反。电镀金(硬金)的硬度和耐磨性比化学镀金好,溶液容易维护,不需要洗槽,能适合表面贴装的各种焊接方法。其缺点主要是,厚度不均匀,要镀的部分需要电气连接。
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