5, crushing side wall construction
Extruded concrete side wall is created in Baxiaita dam upstream slope of concrete face rockfill dam construction in new ways. This technique can be easily and timely delivery of its upstream slope protection, and can significantly improve quality of bedding material compaction characteristics of a CFRD Construction of a new technology. Currently there are Shi Yuzuo CFRD abroad to promote this new technology. Nations Gongboxia rockfill dam projects carried out targeting sidewall extrusion technology research, and the first two to be in the long, banana port, Shuibuya applications such as power stations. I Bureau of the successful and 苏丹麦洛维 Bakun project is also ready to use.
Wall construction method is filling in each layer of cushion material before the side wall with a screw extruder to make a similar semi-permeable concrete trapezoidal small wall, then in its inside by the filling of dam design material, with vibration milled flat rolling, repeat after passing the above work.
5.1 Extrusion Machinery
Sidewall Extruder Corporation by the Bureau of Shaanxi Engineering design and manufacture, is drawing along the road machine highway made of the principle, which contains four parts: power system (diesel engine as the power systems approach drives forward extrusion , steering system (forward extrusion process, the control walking direction), concrete compression position (unloaded into the hopper of concrete, after squeezing through the propeller mixing concrete to the template storage within the system by installing the full vibration of mechanical vibration to to ensure that the density and placement of concrete mass), wall machine template (according to the design of the wall extrusion production fixed template size).
5.2 Design of extrusion wall section
Essential for the trapezoidal cross-section side walls, upper and lower connection means can be considered as hinged. This wall can adapt to cushion Settlement Area, the lower cavity and thus difficult to form a negative impact on the panel. Upstream slope slope slope ratio adjustment in accordance with, due to the large top width will reduce the wall's ability to adapt to deformation, so the top width should be limited to less than 12 cm. By 40 cm high walls, and the thickness of bedding material after rolling line, the upstream slope of the upstream slope under the CFRD determine the inner slope of 8:1 ratio is designed to facilitate the rolling cushion material, the bottom thickness of about 70 cm, volume per meter square 0.18m3.
5.3 Concrete Mix
Concrete wall should have a low strength, low elastic modulus, semi-permeable characteristics, in order to meet up with the bedding material filling the requirements of synchronous, concrete also has a high early strength. As the extrusion ratio on the concrete more sensitive to road speed and the wet concrete, dry concrete road was slow, so squeezed by a concrete wall with dry concrete mix design, slump to 0, usually of cement amount of 70 ~ 85 kg / m3, water consumption of 100 kg / m3 or so, water-cement ratio 1.31 to 1.45, accelerating agent right amount. 28d compressive strength of concrete about 5Mpa about concrete permeability coefficient of 10-2 ~ 10-3 cm / s, require low elastic modulus. Mixing with mixing plant, concrete pouring tanker transport to the scene.
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5, extrusion side-wall construction
Extrusion type concrete side-wall construction technology in Brazil is the concrete dam eta panel dam slope construction of new methods. This is because the technology can provide timely slope surface protection and upstream can obviously improve the compaction of cushion material quality characteristics and become the concrete face rockfill dam construction is a new technology. Currently has more than ten foreign popularization and application of the concrete face rockfill dam of this new technology. By virtue of rockfill dam project of domestic carried out for the object of the side-wall extrusion type, and technical research in secondary, banana, head of the shuibuya hydropower station, etc. Our bid Malaysia and gong and Sue Danish los dimension engineering are also used.
In every side-wall construction method of filling a layer of cushion material, using spiral sidewall crushing mechanism, make a similar trapezoid half permeable concrete wall, and then in the small shop fill dam design inside, use of vibration grinding surface rolling, repeat above work after.
5.1 extrusion machinery
Sidewall crushing machine work by the shaanxi bureau group company, design and manufacture of highway engineering is the way for the principle, it includes four parts: the power system (diesel engines as dynamic systems with extrusion manner, driving equipment system (forward extrusion process, control the direction of walking), concrete extrusion storehouse (concrete discharge into hopper mixing concrete, through the propeller extrusion, through to the template in the mechanical vibration system installation to ensure sufficient vibration, the consistency of concrete construction quality), and in accordance with the extrusion machine template (side-wall wall design of fixed size template).
Section 5.2 extrusion wall design
Section of the side-wall, on the basic for trapezoid hinged connection can be considered. This can make the sidewall of settlement to cushion, easy forms cavity and adverse effects on panel. According to the upstream dam slope due to excessive than adjustment, shows the with a wide brim will reduce the deformation of the side-wall adaptive capacity, so should be limited in the top 12 cm width within. By 40 cm high walls, and after rolling of cushion material thickness according to the panel, upstream dam slope gradient, medial slope design for more than 1 to cushion material, about 70 thickness of bottom, each holding cm volume was 0.18 m3.
5.3 concrete mixture
Side-wall concrete performance should have low intensity, low elastic modulus, and semi-permeable characteristics, in order to meet with the cushion material filling up the concrete requirements, synchronization and high strength. Because of the extruder concrete mixture is sensitive, wet concrete travel faster, dry concrete speed slow, according to the level of concrete wall matchs extrusion, rolling cement mixture ratio design for 0 slump, usually using cement and 70 ~ 85 ㎏ / m3, water ㎏ / m3, 100 1.31 water-cement ratio, SuNingJi 1.45. - 28d concrete compressive strength of concrete 5Mpa about, the permeability coefficient in 10-2-10-3 cm/s, within the scope of elastic modulus of low requirements. By mixing concrete mixing plant, construction site to the truck.
5th, extrusion frontier wall construction
The extrusion type concretes frontier wall construction technique is the concretes kneading board dam upstream slope construction new method which the dam project founds in Brazilian Aita. Because this kind of technology its can easily promptly provide the upstream slope the protection, and may enhance breaker strip material characteristics and so on compaction quality to become the kneading board dam construction obviously one kind of new technology. At present overseas had ten kneading board dam promotion to apply this new technology. The home has carried out the extrusion type frontier wall engineering research take the Gongboxia kneading board rock-fill dam project as the object, and plans in dragon second-level, power plant applications and so on Japanese banana mouth, Shuibuya. Our bureau is selected the Malaysian Pakistan tribute and the Sudanese Mai Luowei project also prepares to use.
The frontier wall technology is before each reclamation breaker strip material, makes one with the screw type frontier wall extrusion mechanism to be approximate in the trapezoid half water percolation concretes small wall, then fills in the dam material in its inside according to the design shop, flattens with a roller the surface roller compaction with the vibration, after qualified, above is redundant works.
5.1 extrude the machinery
The frontier wall extruder designs the manufacture by the Shanxi construction bureau Group, is profits from highway engineering along machine the principle manufacture becomes, it contains 4 parts: The dynamic system (the diesel engine takes the dynamic system with the extrusion way actuation equipment vanguard, the steering system (in extruder advance process, after control walks direction), the concretes to push the ballast (concretes unload into hopper, through propeller agitation concretes extrudes in template warehouse, inspires through installment machinery pounds system to inspire fully pounds, guarantees concretes dense and construction quality), side the wall telephone template (according to extrusion wall design size manufacture fixed stripper).
5.2 extrusion wall design cross section
The frontier wall section basic is a trapezoid, on the lower level connection may regard as the hinge way. This may cause the frontier wall adaptation breaker strip area the subsidence distortion, its lower part is not easy to form the cavity then counter plate to have the adverse effect. The upstream slope may act according to the dam slope slope compared to the adjustment, because oversized will go against the width to reduce ability which the frontier wall adaptation will distort, therefore the crown width should limit in 12㎝ within. The wall uses high 40㎝, is consistent after roller compaction breaker strip material thickness, the up stream slope determined according to the kneading board dam upstream slope, the inside slope is 8:1 take is advantageous for the breaker strip material roller compaction compared to the design, base thickness approximately as 70㎝, each linear meter Fang Liangwei 0.18m3.
5.3 proportionings of concrete
The frontier wall concretes performance should have the low intensity, the low ball mold, half water percolation characteristic, to satisfy with the breaker strip material reclamation synchronization rise request, the concretes must have the high early strength. Because the extruder is quite sensitive to the proportioning of concrete, the wet concretes approaching speed is quick, the dry concretes approaching speed is slow, therefore the extrusion wall concretes according to a gradation dry and hard proportioning of concrete design, the slump are 0, usually uses cement content 70~85㎏/m3, about water consumption 100㎏/m3, water ratio 1.31~1.45, flash-setting agent right amount. the 28d concretes compressive strength probably about 5Mpa, the concretes penetration coefficient in 10-2~10-3㎝/s the scope, requests the low ball mold. Uses mixes up Lou Banzhi, the concrete tank truck transportation to constructs the scene.
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