血铅的主要来源

2024-11-27 22:03:48
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

日常生活中,一些漂亮和华丽的餐饮用具背后,便隐藏着铅中毒这一杀手。在我们经常用到的陶瓷类制品中,彩釉陶瓷制作的餐饮用具及仿水晶器皿是形成铅污染的源头之一。陶瓷制品的原料(陶土)及彩釉中可含有大量的铅及其他金属化合物,如果用这类器皿盛酒或饮料,彩釉中的铅元素就会被浸出,进而溶解于食物或饮料中,日积月累,就会引起铅中毒。除了彩釉陶瓷制品之外,仿水晶制品是一种更具威胁的铅污染源。据专家称,仿水晶制品中的氧化铅含量往往高达20%-30%,但若用来盛酒,酒会将仿水晶制品中的铅溶解出来并溶于酒中;而且,酒对铅元素的溶解量与时间成正比,即盛酒的时间越长,酒中的含铅量就越高。实验表明:用仿水晶容器盛酒,一小时后,酒中的含铅量升高一倍。另一项实验表明:把一升白兰地酒置于仿水晶器皿中,5年后,酒中的含铅量超过饮品中铅含量最低标准的400倍。
另外,在为婴儿购置奶瓶、水杯时,也不宜用印有各式鲜艳图案的制品。中国消费者协会公布了不同产地的317个品牌的婴儿塑料奶瓶检测结果,发现其中几个品牌表面的彩色图案重金属释出量情况令人吃惊,其铅释放量超出欧洲安全标准2-20倍。 ⑴、大气和粉尘中也会带来的铅的污染,可以直接沉积到谷物、蔬菜和水果的植株、叶片、种子、果实和表皮中或经过植株和叶片的吸收,使铅含量增加;⑵、环境中的废水废气污染的土壤,造成过高的土壤铅含量污染谷物和蔬菜;
⑶、室内铅尘和采用油漆彩绘新装修的房屋污染厨房中的食物;
⑷、以含铅彩绘的器皿储存食物造成的污染;
⑸、铅质焊锡制作的食品罐头对食物的污染等,其中,铅污染罐头食品的危害最大。
特别是一些特殊食品或食品加工方法使其铅含量增高很多,如:
⑴、爆米花,其含铅量为0.25~21mg/kg 不等, 其中42.8%超过国家卫生标准, 含量最高的超标41倍。
⑵、皮蛋(松花蛋),对市售的42枚皮蛋的抽样检查发现,仍有35.7%超标。
⑶、个别地方有使用锡茶壶的习惯,造成铅中毒。
⑷、水果。迄今为止,砷酸铅仍被广泛用作水果园的杀虫剂,因此水果表皮含铅量较高。 中国预防医学科学院营养与食品卫生研究所的高俊全教授在国家九五攻关课题的研究中对我国华北地区23种中药材中铅含量进行了分析,中药材中平均铅含量在1.78mg/kg,个别高的在5~10mg/kg。如果按每人每日服用6~10克计算,通过中药材摄入的铅在10.7~17.8微克。如果连续服药的话,铅将蓄积在体内,将对人体健康带来很大的威胁。长期服用将造成铅中毒。

回答2:

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