虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法是什么?

请问,虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法是什么,有什么规则吗?
2025-02-11 01:02:48
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

当要表示事实上不存在或可能性很小的假设条件时,必须用虚拟语气表示。是用虚拟语气需要注意以下几个方面的问题:

1. 什么样的句子或短语可以表示假设的条件

1)当句子中出现 if,as if 或 unless 引导的从句,可以考虑使用虚拟语气, 如:
* She looks as if she were made of ice. 她看起来似乎是冰做的。
* Unless he had studies hard, he would never have passed the examination. 他如果不努力学习, 就永远不会及格。(言外之意事实正好相反)
2)当句子是由 in case(万一), lest(免得), suppose that(假定),supposing(假如) providing(倘若),but that(若非)等连词,一定要用虚拟语气;如:
* Though it is fine, he takes along an umbrella in case it rained. 尽管天气晴朗,他随身带着一把伞,以防万一下雨。
* I was afraid lest he might come too late. 我怕他来得太晚。
* Suppose (that) your father saw you now, what would you say?假设你父亲现在看到了你, 你该怎么说?(本句也可以用supposing, providing)
* He would come but that it rained. 他回来的,除非下雨。

3)当句子是由without(如果没有),but for(要不是),必须用虚拟语气。
* Without health, happiness were impossible. 没有健康就不可能有幸福。
* He would come but for raining.

2. 从句中的时态问题

1)对现在虚拟要用过时态;
2)对过去虚拟要用过去完成时态;
3)对将来虚拟有三种形式:
* 用过去时表示于将来的实现的可能性很小;
* 用 should + 动词原形表示将来的实现的可能性极小(一定是 should,不能用其他情态动词)
* 用 were to do, 表示将来根本没有可能会实现
4)动词 be 按道理应该用 were,非正式英语中也可以用 was

3. 主句中的的时态问题

1)对过去虚拟用情态动词 whould. could, should, ought to, must + have done;
2)对现在或将来虚拟统一用 情态动词 whould. could, should, ought to, must + do

4. 不同情态动词的区别问题

* could 有能力上的可能
* would 有意愿上的可能
* should 有主观责任的可能
* ought to 有道义上的可能
* must 有极大的可能

回答2:

对现实虚拟的,时态倒退一步,即用过去式。
对未来虚拟的,时态也要倒退一步,即用过去将来时。
我记得老师是这么讲的。

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