如何在html5的canvas绘制地图

2024-12-26 22:15:04
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

我这里认为大家都稍微了解甚至熟悉canvas的一些API,就不具体说,每一个参数代表什么意思了。





图片加载平移放大缩小示例








var canvas,context;
function int(){
canvas=document.getElementById('canvas');
context=canvas.getContext('2d');
}
图片加载

创建一个图片对象之后,图片不能马上绘制到canvas上面,因为图片还没有加载完成。所以我们需要监听图片对象加载完事件,然后再去绘制。

var img,//图片对象
imgIsLoaded//图片是否加载完成;
function loadImg(){
img=new Image();
img.onload=function(){
imgIsLoaded=true;
//draw image
}
img.src="map.jpg";
}
图片绘制

绘制图像一个函数就可以搞定,但是需要记录这个图像的左上角坐标以及缩放比例。

var imgX,imgY,imgScale;
function drawImage(){
context.clearRect(0,0,canvas.width,canvas.height);
context.drawImage(img,0,0,img.width,img.height,imgX,imgY,img.width*imgScale,img.height*imgScale);
}
图片平移

html5事件最小细度在DOM上,所以我们无法对canvas上的图像做监听,只能对canvas监听。

首先监听鼠标mousedown事件,等事件发生之后,再监听鼠标mousemove事件和mouseup事件
mousemove事件发生之后,获得鼠标移动的位移,相应的图片的位置改变多少
mouseup事件发生之后,取消对mousemove以及mouseup事件监听

canvas.onmousedown=function(event){
var pos=windowToCanvas(canvas,event.clientX,event.clientY);
canvas.onmousemove=function(event){
canvas.style.cursor="move";
var pos1=windowToCanvas(canvas,event.clientX,event.clientY);
var x=pos1.x-pos.x;
var y=pos1.y-pos.y;
pos=pos1;
imgX+=x;
imgY+=y;
drawImage();
}
canvas.onmouseup=function(){
canvas.onmousemove=null;
canvas.onmouseup=null;
canvas.style.cursor="default";
}
}

function windowToCanvas(canvas,x,y){
var bbox = canvas.getBoundingClientRect();
return {
x:x - bbox.left - (bbox.width - canvas.width) / 2,
y:y - bbox.top - (bbox.height - canvas.height) / 2
};
}
图片缩放

其实缩放很简单,稍微复杂的是,如何让鼠标成为放大或者缩小的中心。如果数学几何不好,计算公式就可能看不明白了。

canvas.onmousewheel=canvas.onwheel=function(event){//chrome firefox浏览器兼容
var pos=windowToCanvas(canvas,event.clientX,event.clientY);
event.wheelDelta=event.wheelDelta?event.wheelDelta:(event.deltaY*(-40));
if(event.wheelDelta>0){
imgScale*=2;
imgX=imgX*2-pos.x;
imgY=imgY*2-pos.y;
}else{
imgScale/=2;
imgX=imgX*0.5+pos.x*0.5;
imgY=imgY*0.5+pos.y*0.5;
}
drawImage();
}
这个时候,基本功能就实现了,加载一张图片和加载多张图片都差不多,维护每一张图片的位置和大小,下面来整理一下代码吧。

var canvas,context;
var img,//图片对象
imgIsLoaded,//图片是否加载完成;
imgX=0,
imgY=0,
imgScale=1;

(function int(){
canvas=document.getElementById('canvas');
context=canvas.getContext('2d');
loadImg();
})();

function loadImg(){
img=new Image();
img.onload=function(){
imgIsLoaded=true;
drawImage();
}
img.src="map.jpg";
}

function drawImage(){
context.clearRect(0,0,canvas.width,canvas.height);
context.drawImage(img,0,0,img.width,img.height,imgX,imgY,img.width*imgScale,img.height*imgScale);
}

canvas.onmousedown=function(event){
var pos=windowToCanvas(canvas,event.clientX,event.clientY);
canvas.onmousemove=function(event){
canvas.style.cursor="move";
var pos1=windowToCanvas(canvas,event.clientX,event.clientY);
var x=pos1.x-pos.x;
var y=pos1.y-pos.y;
pos=pos1;
imgX+=x;
imgY+=y;
drawImage();
}
canvas.onmouseup=function(){
canvas.onmousemove=null;
canvas.onmouseup=null;
canvas.style.cursor="default";
}
}
canvas.onmousewheel=canvas.onwheel=function(event){
var pos=windowToCanvas(canvas,event.clientX,event.clientY);
event.wheelDelta=event.wheelDelta?event.wheelDelta:(event.deltaY*(-40));
if(event.wheelDelta>0){
imgScale*=2;
imgX=imgX*2-pos.x;
imgY=imgY*2-pos.y;
}else{
imgScale/=2;
imgX=imgX*0.5+pos.x*0.5;
imgY=imgY*0.5+pos.y*0.5;
}
drawImage();
}

function windowToCanvas(canvas,x,y){
var bbox = canvas.getBoundingClientRect();
return {
x:x - bbox.left - (bbox.width - canvas.width) / 2,
y:y - bbox.top - (bbox.height - canvas.height) / 2
};

回答2:

我这里认为大家都稍微了解甚至熟悉canvas的一些API,就不具体说,每一个参数代表什么意思了。

  
  
  
  
  图片加载平移放大缩小示例
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  var canvas,context;
  function int(){
  canvas=document.getElementById('canvas');
  context=canvas.getContext('2d');
  }
  图片加载

  创建一个图片对象之后,图片不能马上绘制到canvas上面,因为图片还没有加载完成。所以我们需要监听图片对象加载完事件,然后再去绘制。

  var img,//图片对象
  imgIsLoaded//图片是否加载完成;
  function loadImg(){
  img=new Image();
  img.onload=function(){
  imgIsLoaded=true;
  //draw image
  }
  img.src="map.jpg";
  }
  图片绘制

  绘制图像一个函数就可以搞定,但是需要记录这个图像的左上角坐标以及缩放比例。

  var imgX,imgY,imgScale;
  function drawImage(){
  context.clearRect(0,0,canvas.width,canvas.height);
  context.drawImage(img,0,0,img.width,img.height,imgX,imgY,img.width*imgScale,img.height*imgScale);
  }
  图片平移

  html5事件最小细度在DOM上,所以我们无法对canvas上的图像做监听,只能对canvas监听。

  首先监听鼠标mousedown事件,等事件发生之后,再监听鼠标mousemove事件和mouseup事件
  mousemove事件发生之后,获得鼠标移动的位移,相应的图片的位置改变多少
  mouseup事件发生之后,取消对mousemove以及mouseup事件监听
 
  canvas.onmousedown=function(event){
  var pos=windowToCanvas(canvas,event.clientX,event.clientY);
  canvas.onmousemove=function(event){
  canvas.style.cursor="move";
  var pos1=windowToCanvas(canvas,event.clientX,event.clientY);
  var x=pos1.x-pos.x;
  var y=pos1.y-pos.y;
  pos=pos1;
  imgX+=x;
  imgY+=y;
  drawImage();
  }
  canvas.onmouseup=function(){
  canvas.onmousemove=null;
  canvas.onmouseup=null;
  canvas.style.cursor="default";
  }
  }
  
  function windowToCanvas(canvas,x,y){
  var bbox = canvas.getBoundingClientRect();
  return {
  x:x - bbox.left - (bbox.width - canvas.width) / 2,
  y:y - bbox.top - (bbox.height - canvas.height) / 2
  };
  }
  图片缩放

  其实缩放很简单,稍微复杂的是,如何让鼠标成为放大或者缩小的中心。如果数学几何不好,计算公式就可能看不明白了。

  canvas.onmousewheel=canvas.onwheel=function(event){//chrome firefox浏览器兼容
  var pos=windowToCanvas(canvas,event.clientX,event.clientY);
  event.wheelDelta=event.wheelDelta?event.wheelDelta:(event.deltaY*(-40));
  if(event.wheelDelta>0){
  imgScale*=2;
  imgX=imgX*2-pos.x;
  imgY=imgY*2-pos.y;
  }else{
  imgScale/=2;
  imgX=imgX*0.5+pos.x*0.5;
  imgY=imgY*0.5+pos.y*0.5;
  }
  drawImage();
  }
  这个时候,基本功能就实现了,加载一张图片和加载多张图片都差不多,维护每一张图片的位置和大小,下面来整理一下代码吧。

  var canvas,context;
  var img,//图片对象
  imgIsLoaded,//图片是否加载完成;
  imgX=0,
  imgY=0,
  imgScale=1;
  
  (function int(){
  canvas=document.getElementById('canvas');
  context=canvas.getContext('2d');
  loadImg();
  })();
  
  function loadImg(){
  img=new Image();
  img.onload=function(){
  imgIsLoaded=true;
  drawImage();
  }
  img.src="map.jpg";
  }
  
  function drawImage(){
  context.clearRect(0,0,canvas.width,canvas.height);
  context.drawImage(img,0,0,img.width,img.height,imgX,imgY,img.width*imgScale,img.height*imgScale);
  }
  
  canvas.onmousedown=function(event){
  var pos=windowToCanvas(canvas,event.clientX,event.clientY);
  canvas.onmousemove=function(event){
  canvas.style.cursor="move";
  var pos1=windowToCanvas(canvas,event.clientX,event.clientY);
  var x=pos1.x-pos.x;
  var y=pos1.y-pos.y;
  pos=pos1;
  imgX+=x;
  imgY+=y;
  drawImage();
  }
  canvas.onmouseup=function(){
  canvas.onmousemove=null;
  canvas.onmouseup=null;
  canvas.style.cursor="default";
  }
  }
  canvas.onmousewheel=canvas.onwheel=function(event){
  var pos=windowToCanvas(canvas,event.clientX,event.clientY);
  event.wheelDelta=event.wheelDelta?event.wheelDelta:(event.deltaY*(-40));
  if(event.wheelDelta>0){
  imgScale*=2;
  imgX=imgX*2-pos.x;
  imgY=imgY*2-pos.y;
  }else{
  imgScale/=2;
  imgX=imgX*0.5+pos.x*0.5;
  imgY=imgY*0.5+pos.y*0.5;
  }
  drawImage();
  }
  
  function windowToCanvas(canvas,x,y){
  var bbox = canvas.getBoundingClientRect();
  return {
  x:x - bbox.left - (bbox.width - canvas.width) / 2,
  y:y - bbox.top - (bbox.height - canvas.height) / 2
  };