实验:碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠混合碱双指示剂滴定
实验考试,给个详细操作过程。
推荐回答(3个)
实验目的:确定混合碱的组成及含量
实验仪器及药品:
常用分析仪器-酸式滴定管50ml;容量瓶250ml;吸掖管25ml;三角瓶250ml;分析天平和称量瓶等.
盐酸标准溶液-0.1mol/L;
酚酞指示剂-10g/L;
甲基橙指示剂-1g/L.
实验步骤:准确称取试样1克溶解后放入容量瓶中,稀释至刻度摇匀.吸出25ml至三角瓶中,加2滴酚酞指示剂,用盐酸标准溶液滴定至无色,记下滴定管读数V1.再加一滴甲基橙指示剂,继续滴定至橙色,记下滴定管读数V2.连续读数,V2中包括V1.
判断与计算:如果V2=2V1,说明是纯碳酸钠;如果V2小于2V1,说明含有NaOH和Na2CO3,用V2计算碳酸钠,用V1-V2计算氢氧化钠;如果V2大于2V1,说明含有Na2CO3和NaHCO3,用V1计算碳酸钠,V2-V1计算碳酸氢钠.这些内容分析化验工读本上都有,你可以详细看看.
碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠混合碱双指示剂滴定
一般选择酚酞和甲基橙做指示剂, 变色范围分别是 8~10 3.1~4.4 ,用盐酸分别把Na2CO3 滴定到 NaHCO2 和CO2 +H2O
1.取适量的待测液于锥形瓶中,滴加几滴酚酞试液,用标准盐酸进行滴定,到溶液又红色变成浅红色,停止滴定, 记录盐酸的体积V1,
2. 再向锥形瓶中加入甲基橙指示剂,用标准盐酸进行滴定,到溶液由黄色变成橙色,停止滴定,记录盐酸体积 V2 。
3, 再做平行实验2次,取平均值,进行计算
试剂与材料
(1)盐酸标准滴定溶液:[c(HCl)=0.05mol/L];
(2)酚酞指示液 (5g/L乙醇溶液);
(3)溴甲酚绿-甲基红指示液。
分析步骤
(1)酚酞碱度的测定
移取50mL(依所测水样碱度大小灵活把握)水样于250mL锥形瓶中,加4滴酚酞指示液,若水样出现红色,用盐酸标准滴定溶液滴定至红色刚好褪去,即为终点(V1)。如果加入酚酞指示液后,无红色出现,则表示水样酚酞碱度为零。
(2)甲基橙碱度的测定
在测定酚酞碱度的水样中,加5滴溴甲酚绿-甲基红指示液,用盐酸标准滴定溶液滴定至溶液由绿色变为暗红色。煮沸2min,冷却后继续滴定至暗红色,即为终点。记下至此所消耗的盐酸标准溶液的总体积V2。
分析结果的表述
氢氧化物、碳酸盐、重碳酸盐的计算:
1) 当P=T时,即酚酞褪色后再加入甲基橙时,甲基橙呈橙色,则这种水样中只有氢氧化物。其含量以氢氧化钠计,则
X2=P×c×40.00×1000/V mg/L
2)当P=T/2时,则这种水样中只含有碳酸盐。其含量以碳酸钠计,则
X2=T×c×53.00×1000/V mg/L
3) 当P>T/2时,则水样中含有氢氧化物和碳酸盐。氢氧化物的含量
X1=(2P-T) ×c×40.00×1000/V mg/L
碳酸钠含量
X2=2×(T-P)×c×53.00×1000/V mg/L
4)当P<T/2时,则水样中含有碳酸盐和重碳酸盐。碳酸钠含量
X2= 2×P×c×53.00×1000/V mg/L
重碳酸钠含量
X3=(T-2×P)×c×84.00×1000/V mg/L
5)当P=0时,即酚酞滴入水样,呈现无色,而滴入甲基橙时呈黄色,则水样中只含有重碳酸盐。重碳酸钠含量X3= T×c×84.00×1000/V mg/L
以上各式中 40.00—NaOH摩尔质量,g/mol
53.00—1/2Na2CO3摩尔质量,g/mol
84.00—NaHCO3摩尔质量,g/mol
P=V1
T=V2
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