软件开发中日志的功能是什么怎么设计?

2025-02-24 15:32:24
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

其实,在实际开发中,每个软件都有自己的日志系统,每种语言都有自己的日志框架/模块,随着互联网和大数据的蓬勃发展,分布式的日志系统,以及日志分析系统也应用的越来越广泛,越来越成熟。

从以下几方面深入日志设计

第一,谁在使用日志

有一个问题,可能很多开发人员并没有认真思考过,就是日志到底是给谁用的?用户,运维,开发人员,软件学习爱好者?当然,答案是全部。

第二,不同的角色,有不同的视角,在不同的阶段,有不同的需求,那么日志就应该提供不同的帮助。在做日志模块的内容设计时,也应该站在不同的角度去考虑,要思维清晰,哪些信息给用户看,哪些给运维人员看,哪些给程序员看。要讲究轻重主次,不是说详细就一定好。

第三,日志的等级

开发过一些系统,大体的感受是这样的:刚开始的时候,大家都相对比较讲究,日志的等级、内容、位置都会去思考、选择。但是随着时间不断的延伸,功能不断的扩展,日志逐渐变的混乱,最终沦落为乱麻一片!

日志通常有多个等级,等级并不单单指“详细程度”,还关系到适用场景,服务对象,目的功能等。

第四,日志使用的几种场景

1)开发过程中:

日志是一种友好、强大的记录软件运行时内部结构和状态的工具,是调试利器,当然每种语言都会提供专门的调试工具,比如c/c++gdb,java的jdb等等。但是涉及到业务逻辑,并发,交互等情况时,还是日志更轻巧、便捷!我一般是在对“陌生”代码(比如开源软件)学习时,才会用gdb等调试工具,强大但笨重,更适合梳理代码结构,而不是功能或业务结构!

2)测试过程中:

在进行功能测试时,通过debug或trace信息,就像看监控回放一样,让犯罪分子无处遁行!

3)软件学习时:

学习软件时,包括软件的架构设计、业务功能、代码逻辑,日志总能提供很多线索、很多帮助。记得很久以前,看某个开源系统的代码,部署完以后,直接打开trace跑一边,系统的整体结构及内容,一目了然,再结合设计文档,很快就没明白了!就那一刻,让我深刻的记住,好的日志系统,原来是这么的神奇啊!

4)正常运行:

一定不要开着debug跑系统,没有意义!前提是,ERROR信息要准确、规范,客户只关系生死问题,再多的信息对他们也没有意义!

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