解放军为什么不仿制MG3通用机枪?

2025-03-25 02:56:04
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

参考过MG3通用机枪的外型,中国想要自主研发机枪。

  1. MG3式7.62mm通用机枪的前身是MG42式机枪。该枪是在前联邦德国加入北约组织后,由MG42式机枪的7.92mm口径改为7.62mm、发射北约7.62mm制式弹而成,莱茵金属有限公司于1959年开始生产,型号定为MG42。

  2. 到上世纪六十年代,中国人民解放军陆军步兵营和步兵连装备的机枪以仿制苏联二战时期的53式/57式重机枪,以及58式连用机枪为主,这两种机枪的技术性能已经大大落后于同时期的美苏军队,尤其仿制苏联RP-46机枪的58式连用机枪,因为过于笨重而且不能更换枪管,解放军迫切需要新机枪取而代之。

  3. 为避免又一次装备外国设计重机枪的尴尬情况,中国兵工行业提出研制一种新型的轻重两用机枪,用于装备步兵营机枪连和步兵连的机枪班。

  4. 1958年10月正值全国上下的大跃进运动,新型机枪的预研开始启动,1960年8月正式立项,代号为608工程,由北京工业学院、解放军军械研究所和几个兵工厂联合研制,1967年研制成功,被命名为7.62毫米通用机枪,简称“67式机枪”,这是新中国完全自主研制并大量装备军队的第一种机枪。

  5. 在67式的研制初期,由于工业基础薄弱,我国轻兵器行业只能生产仿制的苏式轻武器,没有任何研制机枪的技术基础。

  6. 军队对新型机枪的方案也意见不一,当研究人员借鉴国外通用机枪采取的小握把+木质枪托的方案放在某些军队领导面前时,遭到这些领导的耻笑,于是设计人员把二战时德国MG39/42型通用机枪的样枪摆在领导面前,军队领导才改变了根深蒂固的偏见,使得新型机枪的方案得以落实。

  7. 因为毫无设计经验,67式机枪借鉴了很多外国优秀机枪的结构方案,是个大杂烩式的设计。在1967年定型后,由于文革的影响,67式机枪没能进行大批量生产,1970年总参决定使用67式机枪替代当时部队装备的53式和57式重机枪,以及58式连用机枪。

  8. 1971年生产了204挺67式机枪下发部队试用,普遍反映精度差、顶弹故障多。至1974年生产了约3万挺后停产。

  9. 经过改进,在1977年推出67-1式重机枪,提高了精度,增强了可靠性,因为该机枪在我军的步兵营总是以重机枪状态使用,所以不再称为轻重两用机枪,统称重机枪。

  10. 67式机枪在八十年代初期进行了第二次改型研制,定型为67-2式通用机枪。加粗了枪管,两脚架改为可拆卸式,提枪手柄为可升降式,三脚架与枪身结合更加稳固,重机枪状态下精度超过苏联PKM机枪,除了供中国军队使用外,还曾向越南、刚果、赞比亚等国出口。

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