地质文献翻译

1. Introduction
1.引言
The Colombian Andes comprise three SSW–NNE
哥伦比亚的安第斯山由三条西南偏南-东北偏北走向的山脉组成,
trending, sub-parallel cordilleras (Fig. 1). The com-
近似平行于科迪勒拉山系(图1).
plex tectonic framework of this area results from the
致使这一地区地质构造如此复杂的原因是
interaction between three tectonic plates (Nazca, Caribbean
由于三大版块(纳斯卡,加勒比以及南美)和
and South American) and the Panama–Costa
巴拿马-哥斯达黎加微板块的相互运动造成的。
Rica microplate (Pennington, 1981; Taboada et al.,
(Pennington, 1981; Taboada et al., 2000)
2000). This interaction induced a compressive tectonic
这种相互运动造成哥伦比亚西北
regime in the north-western part of Colombia,
地区形成一种受迫型地质构造,
particularly in the studied area located between the
尤其是在位于卡利市北部的科迪勒拉山系中部
Western and Central Cordilleras, north of the city of
与西部之间正被研究的地区(图1).
Cali (Fig. 1).
The studied area covers parts of three Colombian
该片被研究的区域覆盖哥伦比亚3个行政区的
departments (Fig. 2): Quindı´o (city of Armenia),
局部地区(图2): Quindı´o(阿尔梅尼亚市),
Risaralda (city of Pereira) and Valle del Cauca (cities
Risaralda(佩雷拉市)和Valle del Cauca(卡塔戈及萨尔萨尔市).
of Cartago and Zarzal). This zone comprises two
这个区域构成两
intramontane depressions where Plio-Pleistocene sediments
个山内的洼地,这里在上新更新世时期有沉
were deposited: the Cauca Valley to the west
积物沉积:位于萨尔萨尔小镇和卡塔戈小镇间的考卡谷地
displays numerous outcrops of the Pleistocene Zarzal
以西裸露着大量在更新世时期形成的裸露岩石.
Formation between the towns of Zarzal and Cartago. It
is separated by folded Tertiary outcrops from the
它被从阿尔美尼亚市-佩雷拉洼地一直到东部的
Quindı´o–Pereira depression to the east where the
呈褶曲状的第三纪裸露岩石分隔开来,
Plio-Pleistocene fluvio-volcanic fans of Quindı´o, Pereira
这个区域是在上新更新世时期由河流沉积以及火山灰堆积形成了Quindı´o, 佩

and Cartago accumulated. These two sedimentary
雷拉和卡塔戈扇形区域.这两种沉积物在卡塔戈,
units interfinger in the western part of the Cartago,
佩雷拉和Quindı´o的扇形区域的西部相互楔接.
Pereira and Quindı´o Fans. This tectonically active
这个构造活跃区
zone is dissected by several major SSW–NNE trending
被几个主要西南偏南-东北偏北
fault lineaments such as the Romeral Fault System
走势的山体诸如罗美拉尔断裂系(图3)分割开来.
(Fig. 3). In particular, the rupture at shallow depth of
值得一提的是,位于阿尔梅尼亚断裂带浅层的
the Armenia fault caused the dramatic earthquake of
一次断裂运动导致阿尔梅尼亚市在
Armenia in January 1999 (INGEOMINAS (Instituto
nacional de investigaciones geolo´ gico-mineras), 1999).
1999年1月(INGEOMINAS (Institutonacional de investigaciones geolo´ gico-mineras), 1999)发生了一次戏剧性的地震.
The Ruiz-Tolima volcanic system in the Central Cordillera
位于中央山系的鲁伊兹-托利马火山系统与这些断裂带有很大关系,
is associated with these faults and formed the
成为了河流-火山扇形区一直沉积到西部的源动力(图2).
source of the fluvio-volcanic fans deposited to the
west (Fig. 2).
The Zarzal Formation encountered in the Cauca
遭遇了考卡谷地的萨尔萨尔得以在河流-湖泊环境中形成.
Valley was deposited in a fluvio-lacustrine environment.
It contains numerous soft-sediment deformation
它包含大量软质变形的结构体,尤其在卡塔戈地区(图4).
structures, particularly in the Cartago area (Fig. 4). The
aims of this paper are to describe the various types of
本文的主旨即是描述所遇见的各种形变,并讨论它们的形成过程.
deformations encountered and discuss their potential
triggering mechanisms.
2. Geology of Zarzal Formation
2.关于萨尔萨尔构造的地质学
The Zarzal Formation has been so far poorly studied.
一直以来针对萨尔萨尔构造所做的研究很少.
Boussingault (1903) was the first to describe siliceous
鲍辛高特(1903)是第一位描述卡塔戈地区硅土、沙石以及沙状黏土相间沉积的现象，这些沉积物还筑成了浅浮雕状的山丘群。
deposits intercalated with sand and sandy clay beds in
the Cartago area, where they form low-relief hills. He
considered these sediments as the infill of a lake. The
他认为这些沉积物是湖泊中的东西。
name Zarzal Formation was attributed in 1955 to these
萨尔萨尔构造这个名称是在1955年被确定下来，
deposits of diatomite, clay and volcanic sand (Keiser,
以统称那些由硅藻土，黏土以及火山灰构成的沉积层(Keiser,
Nelson and Van der Hammen, unpublished, in Van der
Nelson and Van der Hammen, unpublished, in Van der
Hammen, 1958; see also De Porta, 1974).
Hammen, 1958; see also De Porta, 1974).
Cardona and Ortiz (1994) were the first to analyze in
卡多纳和奥尔蒂兹（1994）首次详细分析了这些沉积物的沉积环境。
detail the depositional environment of these sediments.
They interpreted three types of facies: braided-stream
他俩将其分为三类：网状河道沉积，冲击平原沉积以及湖泊沉积。
channel deposits, floodplain sediments and lake deposits.

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