拉曼光谱中的A模和E模是什么?

2025-03-25 14:52:54
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

拉曼光谱中,倒是没有A模和E模的要义和原理。

拉曼光谱(激光拉曼光谱)和红外光谱都是研究分子的振动和转动能级跃迁的分子光谱。研究表明,红外光作用下的振动中,只有振动前后偶极矩(△D)发生变化的振动才会产生红外吸收。基团在振动过程中,凡是引起偶极矩改变的振动称为红外活性振动,例如,H-Cl的伸缩振动,O=C=O的反对称伸缩振动、弯曲振动等。偶极矩不发生改变(△D = 0)的振动称为红外非活性振动,它不产生光的吸收,在IR谱中也不会出现峰。

同样,拉曼光谱对应于分子振动前后极化度发生了变化的振动。所谓极化度(率),就是分子在入射光电场作用下,分子中电子云变形的难易程度。分子极化度α = D / E。D是在入射光交变电场强度E作用下的分子正负电荷中心相对移动极化而产生的诱导偶极矩。

在解析拉曼光谱红外光谱、进行谱峰归属时,会对样品的分子结构进行对称性及表象分析,也称为因子群分析,因子群分析就是用分子对称性原理分析分子结构或分子链的对称性是属于何种同形的点群,其简正振动模式是属于何种对称类型的方法。在对称类型分析中,倒是有A、E、B、...等的因子群,每种因子群在不同的点群中具有一定的对称操作。在C(3)点群中就有A、E的对称类型。

 《新鲜铁表面锈蚀过程的拉曼光谱研究》论文中,就提到了A 拉曼振动模和E 拉曼振动模。【摘要:实验采用共焦显微拉曼光谱技术测量水体系中的纯铁电极表面,获得了铁电极 .... 群,正则分析应有3个Tz ,1个A 和1个E 拉曼振动模,但其晶体的拉曼谱线中 ...】(见附图)。A和E后面还有脚标3g。A表对主轴对称;B表对主轴反对称;E表二重简并;F表三重简并;...

不知你说得是不是像这一类的这种A 拉曼振动模和E 拉曼振动模? 

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你的回答:“是的,就是问A,E拉曼振动模具体是什么?说白了就是中文意思是什么?”

我觉得,A,E拉曼振动模就是A,E拉曼振动模式。红外光谱大家用到的比较多、较熟悉,IR中有伸缩振动、变形振动、面内弯曲、面外弯曲、剪式振动、扭曲振动等等;Raman谱在解析中也会把谱图中的峰归属到分子或基团的振转类型或振转模式。这不是一二句话能够说清楚的。还要结合自己研究内容中的分子结构知识。

你可以参考一下:拉曼光谱 振动类型 因子群分析 对称性 选率 特征标表等知识。祝你有收获!

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