有关部门调查，至2006年底，我国外贸企业在出口过程中几乎都遇到过技术性贸易壁垒的问题和障碍，每年大约有超过450亿美元的出口商品受到不利影响，其中劳动密集型产品受损最为严重，高新技术和机电产品受损呈明显上升趋势。事实证明再加入世界贸易组织之后，以技术性贸易壁垒为核心的新贸易壁垒对我国出口贸易的影响就仍然很大。�
（1）在市场准入方面。在国外越筑越高、范围越来越广的技术性壁垒面前，我国部分出口商品的市场迅速萎缩，甚至被挡在进口国的国门之外。�
（2）对价格竞争力的影响。技术性贸易壁垒增加了出口成本，使出口国产品的竞争力下降，或者因为延误时机而失去市场机会。�
（3）由于发达国家的贸易技术壁垒名目繁多、变化频繁,且具有一定隐蔽性，往往使我国一些经验不足的出口企业应付不及，被动地陷入贸易纠纷，致使出口产品在发达国家市场上被扣留、查封甚至销毁。而且我国产品进入欧美市场，需要取得该国或国际通行的认证标志。�
2 我国如何应对技术性贸易壁垒�
2.1 政府应建立技术贸易壁垒的预警和快速反应机制�
目前我国大多数企业应对技术性贸易壁垒的最大困难是“信息不灵”、信息“渠道不畅”、得不到针对性的有效的咨询服务等。具体建立预警机制的主要内容包括:（1）真正形成以政府、行业协会、企业、研究机构等为主体的多层次产业预警系统，政府作为建立机制的发起方，应主动承担整个预警机制的协调规划工作，同时依托行业协会等机构的数据库系统，建立起为出口企业服务的平台，有针对性地提出调整和完善预警机制的建议和意见；（2）形成一套有效的通报、评议、咨询、审议制度；（3）组织专门的人力、物力研究国外的TBT系统，按出口对象和产品类别全面、及时、准确地收集、整理、跟踪国外的TBT信息，建立相应的TBT信息中心和信息数据库；四是建立高效的TBT信息咨询服务体系，及时发布预警信息。通过对TBT问题的认真研究，及时作出预警分析，帮助企业提高质量意识，寻求我国商品突破技术性贸易壁垒的切入点。�
（1）建立并完善我国产品质量法律法规体系和技术法规体系。�
我国应针对已加入WTO的情况，建立健全技术法规和技术体系，构筑我国的技术性贸易壁垒保护体系，按照国际惯例，将安全、卫生、健康、环保等保护消费者利益方面的重要问题，作为贸易技术法规建设的重点，通过制定强制性标准，把未达到技术标准的产品拒之门外。
（2）政府应积极参与国际标准化活动，大力推动标准化。�
在国际贸易中，发达国家设置了一些非常严格甚至苛刻的标准，我国为了达到其市场准入标准，导致生产、加工成本大大增加，降低了我国产品的市场竞争力。制定、实施标准化战略是我国建立技术贸易保护体系，维护国家利益，跨越技术壁垒的重要途径。为此，我认为我们应该做好以下几方面工作:�
①认真研究和积极推广国际标准。国际标准，特别是ISO 9000系列标准和ISO14000体系标准认证反映了国际上先进的科技水平，代表着一定的质量水平，成为国家之间的协调标准和处理贸易纠纷的重要基础，采用国际标准，可以使国内企业积极迈向国际市场，与国际环境接轨，不仅能给本国技术、经济的发展带来巨大的经济利益，使生产更加便利，也更容易了解国外市场需求，打破贸易技术壁垒。�
②适应我国出口贸易需要，调整我国标准结构。我国目前是以国家标准为主体，行业标准、地方标准和企业标准相互协调配套的标准化体系，改变了无标生产的状况。�
To an investigation, to the end of 2006, China's foreign trade enterprises in the export process almost all the technical barriers to trade encountered problems and obstacles, every year there are about more than 45 billion U.S. dollars in exports adversely affected, which damaged the most labor-intensive products serious damage to high-tech and machinery and electronic products showed clear upward trend. Facts have proved again to join the World Trade Organization, with technical barriers to trade as the core of the new trade barriers on China's export trade will remain high. �
(1) market access. Abroad pyramid to grow wider range of technical barriers in front of some of China's export commodities market is rapidly shrinking, and even blocked the door outside in the importing country. �
(2) the impact of price competitiveness. Technical Barriers to Trade increased the cost of exports, so that exporting country's products less competitive, or because the delay time to lose market opportunities. �
(3) Due to technical barriers to trade in developed countries under various names, change frequently, and has a certain hidden, tend to make some of our less experienced exporters to cope with less than passively into trade disputes, leading to export products on the market in the developed countries have been detained for to shut down or even destroyed. And our products into the European and American markets, the need to obtain the country or internationally accepted certification mark. �
2 � in China how to deal with technical barriers to trade
2.1 The Government should set up technical barriers to trade early warning and rapid response mechanisms �
At present the majority of Chinese enterprises cope with technical barriers to trade the greatest difficulty is "uninformed" information "channels are very limited," is not targeted and effective consulting services. Specific to establish an early warning mechanism for the main contents include: (1) the real form of government, industry associations, enterprises, research institutions as the main multi-level industrial warning systems, the Government as a mechanism of the initiator, should take the initiative to undertake the coordination of the entire early warning mechanism planning, while relying on trade associations and other bodies of the database system, establish a platform for export business services, targeted to make adjustments and improve the early warning mechanism for the recommendations and advice; (2) to form an effective notification, evaluation, consulting to consider the system; (3) the organization of specialized manpower and material research abroad TBT system, according to export markets and product categories of full, timely and accurate collection, collation, tracking foreign TBT information, set up a corresponding TBT information center and information databases ; Fourth, establish an efficient TBT information consulting service system, issue timely early warning information. TBT issues through careful research, timely warning analysis, to help enterprises to improve quality awareness, to seek a breakthrough of China's commodity entry point for technical barriers to trade. �
(1) To establish and perfect laws and regulations of China's product quality and technical regulations. �
China has joined WTO should address the situation, establish a sound technical regulations and technical system, and build China's technical barriers to trade protection system, in accordance with international practice, safety, hygiene, health, environmental protection, protection of consumer interests, an important issue, as a trade focus on the construction of technical regulations, through the development of mandatory standards, the product does not meet the technical standards shut.
(2) The Government should actively participate in international standardization activities, to vigorously promote standardization. �
In international trade, the developed countries to set some very strict and even harsh standards, our standards in order to achieve its market access, leading to the production, processing costs increased significantly, reducing the competitiveness of our products in the market. To develop, implement standardization strategy is the establishment of China's technology trade protection system and safeguarding national interests and an important way to cross the technological barrier. To this end, I think we should do the following several aspects: �
① earnestly study and actively promoting international standards. International standards, in particular the ISO 9000 series of standards and the ISO14000 standard certification system to reflect the international advanced level of technology, represents a certain quality level, a national co-ordination between the standard and an important basis for dealing with trade disputes, the adoption of international standards, they can so that domestic enterprises to actively move towards the international market, integration with the international environment, not only to give their own technology, economic development has brought enormous economic benefits, to make production more convenient and easier to understand the foreign market needs, to break the technical barriers to trade. �
② meet the needs of China's export trade, to adjust our standard structure. China's current national standards as the main body is based on industry standards, local standards and enterprise standards for a coordinated and complete standardization between systems, has changed the status of non-standard production.
什么一段啊，一大段好不好，给多点分都不行！
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