元旦的由来 英语

元旦的由来英文版：Introduction

Yuandan is the first day of the lunar calendar. It is the day when the earth has circled the sun for one round and is beginning another circling. It represents a new beginning when people send off the old days and welcome the new ones. As the first day of the year, Yuandan has been considered to be the most important festival since the ancient times.

Customs

1. Kaisui(beginning of the year): According to the Chinese traditional custom, starting from haishi(9p.m. to 11p.m.)of the last evening of the twelfth lunar month, each family must prepare offering s to deities at the altar. At the same time, they too prepare food for the New Year day: The whole family will then stay awake together to attend to the year(called shou sui). After haishi, zishi(11p.m. to 1a.m.)will come, and this is the arrival of New Year(Yuandan). At this moment, people begin the celebration with fireworks. Vegetarian and sweet foods will then be placed are the altar for offerings, and incense be burned to welcome the deities. In the ancient times, it was believed that haishi connected the two years and thus was called kaisui.

At the same night, some families will follow the instruction in Tongshu and place preparing altar in the direction of the "fortune deity" during the "fortune time" to receive the deity. If the direction of the "fortune deity" is at the "ill position", people will choose to receive "happy deity" or "noble deity" instead.

2. There is an apparent difference in the custom of food taking on Yuandan between the Chinese in the northern and southern regions. The northern Chinese has the habit of taking jiao zi(dumpling made of flour with vegetable and meat wrapped inside). Some people may put a sweet or a coin inside jiao zi, hoping to have a sweet year after tasting the sweet and a wealthy year after tasting the coin. on the other hand, the southern Chinese have the taboo for killing on Yuandan. Therefore, they do not take meat in tee morning of Yuandan, so as to avoid bloodshed or mutual slaughter. In order to evade misfortune, they have the first meal of this day without meat. Instead, they take vegetarian food for the sake of virtue.

3. What is special during the New Year is that parents or elders will distribute red packets(ang pao or ya sui qian)to the children. People in the ancient times were more particular in giving away the red packets: the distribution took place on the eve of New Year so that the kids could suppress the past year and enter the New Year. Ya sui has the meaning of overcoming the unpredictable future. Representing the wishes for the healthy psychological growth of the children, ya sui qian symbolises the elders' hope to see their children overcome all the unpredictable elements brought by the "year".

4. There is an extraordinary number of taboos on Yuandan. Each place has its own customs of taboo. Here, we will mention only a few common taboos in Fujian Province, Guangdong Province and Southeast Asia:

In the past, people commonly believed that fortune was hidden in the house. So, w\sweeping of floor must be done in the direction moving inwards, and there was no clearance of rubbish at night. Particularly on the New Tear day, in order to keep fortune from flowing out, there was no sweeping. Some families kept this taboo until the fifth or even the fifteenth day. If anything was broken, the pieces were wrapped up in order not to let the fortune slip away and were disposed only the fifth day.

Yuandan(in more serious families, the period extends from the 1st to the 15th day) marks the new beginning. In the hope that New Year brings good beginning, people should utter neither unkind words nor vulgar language. Making noises, fighting, quarreling and especially weeping are avoided to deter misfortune. There are even taboos of taking medicine and having sneeze, for it is believed that they can lead to sickness throughout the year. Taboos of the past also concerned the use of knife and the breaking of things. If a thing was broken, the word "break" or any other word importing similar meaning was not used. Instead, words like "failing to the floor and blossoming like flowers" which delivered pleasant senses were used to suggest good connections.

On Yuandan, neither lending and nor giving of money to others is done so that there will be no out-flowing of money during the year. There is also the saying that if a male sleeps in the afternoon, his career will breakdown, and if a female has an afternoon nap, the kitchen will collapse.

5. Ancient rite: In the past, there was a rite called he zheng(proper greeting)during New Year. When a person paid a New Year visit to friends or relatives, he took along a piece of paper or card on which the name of the host was written wit Chinese brush. The receiver of this greeting card would normally paste it on the wall of his main hall to show his respect to and appreciation for the visitor. The quantity of greeting card received reflected the person's public relationship with others, while the names and status of the people who gave the greeting cards indicated the host's boundary of social network and standard of living. Nowadays, because of easy communication, convenient transportation system and wider social network, when people send their greetings they tend to follow the Western style. The greeting is now done by mail and even by email. Today, he zheng is done by simply bringing along red packets and food presents when making a visit.

To be in line with the custom of to giving away money on the first day, families in some places do not pay New Year call to others. Instead, the whole family simply goes out to enjoy themselves or stayed at home for family happiness.

6. In the past, there was a superstition that when a person left his house in the New Year, he must take the correct first step. A particular person would look for the fortunate direction in accordance with the day, month and year of this birth basing on the explanation of Chinese calendar. On Yuan Dan, when a person stepped out of his house, he must go in the fortunate direction and avoid the unfortunate direction. Even people of less particularity also consulted Chinese calendar to find out where the fortunate directions and fierce deities were before the first step out of their houses.

Meaning

From the above mentioned customs, we can see that there are especially many taboos during Chinese New Year. On Yuan Dan in particular, there are more taboos on speech and behaviour than those on other ordinary days. Similarly, there are more activities in pursuit of good cause than usual. On probing the activities and taboos, we have no difficulty to understand that the theme behind is always related to fortune, wealth and goodness, and that people usually concern themselves with a good beginning for the year.

Some taboos may look superstitious on the surface, but they do produce efficacy. If we practise them circumspectively, they will yield practical results. For example, the prohibition of bad words, quarrel, weeping and crying, together with the emphasis on thinking positively even when things are broken, provide some normative rules for people to follow. This gives people the opportunity to mend their ways, to develop good attitudes, and to form a habit of thinking positively and looking at the good side of things. The prohibition of sweeping and disposing the rubbish in the first five days forces people to arrange their things and clear away the rubbish properly at the end of each year, so that no unwanted things will be carried forward to the new year. At the same time, the taboo also compels people to learn to be thrifty. This is because to prevent accumulated things from becoming rubbish, people must be careful in the use of any paper or other things, and thus avoid waste of things.

The avoidance of medicine and sneeze on the first day looks like a joke and is absurd as far as the patient is concerned. However, because of the taboos, people will be conscious enough to take serious care of their health during the windy and snowing season. Thus, they will avoid falling sick in the New Year and wasting away the precious spring hours.

Nowadays, people have abandoned the custom of bringing along greeting cards when they go for New Year house visits. However, Chinese Malaysians still maintain the habit of sending New Year greeting cards by post before the New Year.

There are even non-Chinese sending New Year greeting cared in English or Malay languages to their Chinese friends. Moreover, the Chinese like to use colourful New Year cared to decorate their houses, so as to strengthen the New Year atmosphere. Like the ancient days' greeting cards for he zheng which were displayed in the main hall, these modern New Year cards also reflect the social position of the persons who receive the cards. Thus, in the way, the ancient rite of he zheng has developed in Malaysia with a Malaysian colour.

古人把舜帝祭祀天地和先帝尧的那一天当做一年之始，把正月初一称为“元旦”。

The ancients regarded the day when Emperor Shun offered sacrifices to heaven and earth and Emperor Yao as the beginning of a year, and called the first day of the first lunar month "New Year's Day".

有个传说，是在4000多年前远古的尧舜盛世之时，尧天子在位时勤政于民为百姓办了很多好事，很受广大百姓爱戴，但因其子无才不太成器，他没把“天子”的皇位传给自己的儿子，而是传给了品德才能兼备的舜。

There is a legend that when Yao and Shun flourished more than 4000 years ago, Emperor Yao was diligent in doing many good things for the people and was loved by the people. However, because his son was not very talented, he did not pass the throne of "Emperor of Heaven" to his son, but to Shun, who had both moral and ability.

尧对舜说：“ 你今后一定要把帝位传交好，待我死后也可安心瞑目了。”后来舜把帝位传给了治洪水有功的禹，禹亦像舜那样亲民爱民为百姓做了很多好事，都十分受人爱戴。后来人们把尧死后，舜帝祭祀天地和先帝尧的那一天，当作一年的开始之日，把正月初一称为“元旦”，或“元正”，这就是古代的元旦。

Yao said to Shun, "You must hand over the throne to me in the future, and you can be at ease when I die." Later, Shun passed the throne on to Yu, who had made great achievements in flood control. Like Shun, Yu did a lot of good deeds for the people and was very popular. Later, people regarded the day when Emperor Shun offered sacrifices to heaven and earth after Yao's death as the beginning of the year, and called the first day of the first lunar month "New Year's Day", or "Yuanzheng", which was the ancient New Year's Day.

在当代，元旦指公元纪年的岁首第一天。自西历传入我国以后，元旦一词便专用于新年，传统的旧历年则称春节。

而在此之前，元旦一直是指农历岁首第一天的。元是“初”“始”的意思，旦指“日子”，元旦合称即是“初始的日子”，也就是一年的第一天。

1949年9月27日，中国人民政治协商会议第一界全体会议决议：“中华人民共和国纪年采用公元纪年法”，即是我们所说的阳历，为了区别农历和阳历两个新年，又鉴于农历二十四节气中的“立春”恰在农历新年的前后，因此便把农历正月初一改称为“春节”，阳历一月一日定为“元旦”，至此，元旦才成为全国人民的欢乐节日。

各国元旦习俗：

新一年，总是给人们带来美好的祝福。在这除旧迎新的日子里，世界各国的人们都以其别出心裁、各具特色的方式迎接着新年的到来。

英国：元旦前一天，家家户户都必须做到瓶中有酒，橱中有肉。英国人认为，如果没有余下的酒肉，来年便会贫穷。除此之外，英国还流行新年“打井水”的风俗，人们都争取第一个去打水，认为第一个打水人为幸福之人，打来的水是吉祥之水。英国人在除夕的深夜，常带上糕点和酒出去拜访，他们不敲门，就径直走进亲友家去。按英国人的风俗，除夕千夜过后，朝屋里迈进第一只脚的人，预示着新的一年的运气。如果第一个客人是个黑发的男人，或是个快乐、幸福而富裕的人，主人就将全年吉利走好运。如果第一个客人是个浅黄头发的女人，或是个忧伤、贫穷、不幸的人，主人在新的一年中将遭霉运，会遇上困难和灾祸。除夕在亲友家作客的人，在未交谈前，要先去拨弄壁炉的火，祝福主人“开门大吉”。在英国中部的一些地区，新年早上出门时，不管熟识还是陌生，都会互送铜钱，他们认为这样做，不但对方一年有财气，同时也会给自己带来幸运。

印度：印度的元旦被人称为“痛哭元旦”、“禁食元旦”。他们在新年第一天，谁也不许对人生气，更不准发脾气。有些地方，过年不但不庆祝，反而相抱大哭。他们认为，元旦一开始，岁月易逝——人生短暂，用哭声来表示自己的感叹。有些地区的人们则以禁食一天一夜来迎接新的一年，由元旦凌晨开始直到午夜为止。

蒙古：新一年到来，蒙古老人会装扮成牧羊人的样子，穿着毛绒的皮外套，头戴一顶皮帽，手拿一根鞭子，不停地把鞭子在空中抽得啪啪响，以示驱邪祝福。

巴西：巴西人在元旦这天，高举火把，蜂拥登山。人们争先恐后地寻找那象征幸福的金桦果。只有不畏艰险的人，才能找到这种罕见的果子。他们称之为“寻福”。巴西农村有一个独特的风俗习惯——便是互相揪耳，人们在元旦见面时，一定要相互使劲揪住对方的耳朵，表示祝福。

巴基斯坦：在元旦这一天，巴基斯坦人们个个手拿红粉跑出门，见了亲友，道过新喜，便互相将红粉涂在额上，以示庆祝新年吉祥如意。

阿富汗：在阿富汗北部地区的居民，每逢元旦都要举行激烈的抢山羊比赛，以示庆祝。两队骑手争抢猎物，比赛既紧张激烈，又喜庆欢乐。

阿根廷：阿根廷人认为水是最圣洁的。每年元旦，各家老少成群结队到江河中洗“新年浴”，以洗去身上的一切污秽。

墨西哥：墨西哥有些地区的人们在新年到来的时候是禁止笑的，他们一年共分18个月，每月20天，一年最后5天内不准笑。

保加利亚：元旦用餐时，谁打喷嚏谁准会给全家人带来幸福，家主将第一只羊、牛或马驹许给他，以祝愿他给全家人带来幸福。

巴拉圭：巴拉人把每年最后五天定为“冷食日”。在这五天中，上至国家元首，下至普通百姓，都不能动烟火，只能吃冷食，直到元旦，才能生火做饭，庆祝佳节。

苏格兰：苏格兰人在元旦前夕，家家户户门前都会放着一些金钱，没人看守，盗贼和乞丐在这天晚上，看见了也不动分毫。因为当地风俗，新年前夕，先把金钱放在门外，翌日新年降临，大清早打开门时，就看见门口有金钱，取其“一见发财”之意。

西班牙：西班牙人在元且前夕，所有家庭成员都团聚在一起，以音乐和游戏相庆贺。午夜来临，十二点的钟声刚开始敲第一响，大家便争着吃葡萄。加果能按钟声吃下12颗，便象征着新年的每个月都一切如意。元旦这天，最忌孩子们骂人、打架和哭啼，认为这些现象是不祥之兆。所以，元旦之日大人总是尽量满足孩子们的一切要求。同时，这天人们身上必携一枚金币或铜币以示吉祥。

比利时：在比利时，元旦的早上，农村中的第一件事便是向畜拜年。人们走到牛、马、羊、狗、猫等动物身边，煞有介事向这些生灵通明：“新年快乐！”

土耳其：土耳其人在新年除夕，人人都要洗澡，然后穿上新衣裳，他们认为这样可去除过去一年的衰气，除旧迎新，迎接来年好运。

阿根廷：元月之日，各家各户纷纷到江河中去进行“新年浴”。入水前，先把采集来的鲜花撒在江面，然后，大家笑呵呵地跳进水中尽情沐浴，同时用花瓣来揉搓身子，在这个国家，水被视为“圣洁”之物。

古巴：元旦前一夜，每人准备一碗水，听到新年钟响，大家都很快地将水泼向街，意为“除岁”

哥伦比亚：元旦前夕，各条街上都制作很大的傀儡——“旧年”，并宣布“旧年遗言”，“遗言”的内容滑稽风趣，以博得人们开心，午夜时将“傀儡”炸毁，在粉碎旧年“傀儡”的爆炸声中，人们载歌载舞，互相庆贺。

日本：日本人在元旦清晨，一家老小上街迎接初升的太阳，接着去神社参拜，或互相向亲友问好。他们称元旦为“正日”。在这一天，他们的早餐是很丰盛的，吃砂糖竽艿、荞麦面等，喝屠苏酒。此后一连3天则吃素食，以示虔诚，祈求来年大吉大利。

泰国：泰国传统的新年，即“宋干节”（“宋干”是梵语的译音），也叫“泼水节”，节日里，人们相互洒水，喜笑颜开地祝长辈健康长寿，祝亲朋新年幸运。未婚的青年男女，则用泼水来表示彼此之间的爱慕之情。泰国人在新年第一天都在窗台、门口端放一盆清水，祈求新年如意，风调雨顺。

德国：德国人在元旦期间，家家户户都要摆上一棵枞树和横树，树叶间系满绢花，表示繁花如锦，春满人间。他们在除夕午夜新年光临前一刻，爬到椅子上，钟声一响，他们就跳下椅子，并将一重物抛向椅背后，以示甩去祸患，跳入新年。在德国的农村还流传着一种过新年的风俗——“爬树比赛”，以示步步高升。

埃及：埃及人把尼罗河涨水的这一天作为新年的开始，称为“涨水新年”。在埃及的一些地方，元旦这一天，要供上大豆、扁豆、紫苜蓿和小麦等农作物的颗粒，还有一些绿色植物的小芽，以象征丰裕。献给神的东西越多，新年的收成就越多。

朝鲜：朝鲜和我国一样，在新年也有贴窗花、桃符的习俗，以祈求上天保佑，驱走鬼怪，赐给幸福。元旦黎明，人们把一些钞票塞进预先扎好的稻草人中，扔到十字路口，表示送走邪恶，迎接吉祥福星。黄昏，人们又将全家人一年中脱落的头发烧掉，祝愿家人四季平安。新年期间，朝鲜人除了享以美酒佳肴外，还必须要做一种用糯米加上松子、栗子粉、枣泥和蜂蜜等，蒸煮成与我国的八宝饭相类似的甜饭食用，以预示家里人丁兴旺日子过得象蜜一样甜。

新加坡：农历除夕时，孩子们有守岁的习惯，直到午夜待家长祭祀神灵和祖先的活动结束后方能就寝，第二天清晨则起个大早，高高兴兴的从长辈那里拿“红包”（压岁钱）去看舞龙、舞狮队的沿街表演，男女老少穿着节日的盛装，带上礼品走访亲友，每个人脸上都洋溢着一种节日的气氛。过年时，人们爱吃油炸糯米和红糖做成的甜年糕。

意大利：意大利的除夕是一个狂欢之夜，当夜幕开始降临，成千上万的人们涌向街头，点燃爆竹和焰火，甚至鸣放真枪实弹。男男女女翩翩起舞，直至午夜。家家户户收拾旧物，将屋子里一些可打碎的东西，摔个粉碎，旧盆子、瓶瓶罐罐统统扔到门外，表示去掉厄运和烦恼，这是他们辞旧岁迎新年的传统方式。

伊朗：伊朗实行的是伊斯兰历，它的季节和月份是不固定的。在伊朗，庆贺新年就是庆祝春天到来，往往是在公历3月下旬，过新年要隆重庆祝一周。人们涌上街头生起“篝火”——“夜火”，然后全家人依次从夜火上跳来跳去，表示烧掉“晦气”，迎来光明，驱邪灭病，幸福永存。除夕夜要吃“七道菜”，每道菜的名称都要以字母“S”开头的，以示吉祥。初一到初三，人们走亲访友，互祝春节快乐。新年最后一天，全家出游踏青，以避邪恶。

法国：以酒来庆祝新年，人们从除夕起开始狂欢痛饮，直到1月3日才终止。法国人认为元旦这一天的天气预示着新的一年的年景。元旦清晨他们就上街看风向来占卜：刮南风，预兆风调雨顺，这一年会是平安而炎热；刮西风，有一个捕鱼和挤奶的丰收年；刮东风，水果将高产；刮北风，则是歉收年。

瑞士：瑞士人有元旦健身的习惯，他们有的成群结队去爬山，站在山顶面对冰天雪地，大声歌唱美好的生活；有的在山林中沿着长长的雪道滑雪，仿佛在寻找幸福之路；有的举行踩高跷比赛，男女老幼齐上阵，互祝身体健康。以健身来迎接新一年的到来。

希腊：元旦时，家家都要做一个大蛋糕，里面放一枚银币。主人将蛋糕切若干块，分给家人或来访的亲朋好友。谁吃到带有银币的那块蛋糕，谁就成了新年最幸运的人，大家都向他祝贺。

罗马尼亚：元旦前夜，人们在广场上竖起高大的圣诞树，搭起舞台。市民们一边烧着焰火，一边载歌载舞。农村人拉着木犁，上面装饰着各种彩花，庆祝新年。

我们从小就知道每年阳历的1月1号就是我们传统节日“元旦”，但是有多少人知道它的具体来历呢？2010年的元旦马上就要来到，我们就来说说英文元旦的由来。

中国的元旦，据传说起于三皇五帝之一的颛顼，距今已有3000多年的历史。“元旦”一词最早出现于《晋书》：“颛帝以孟夏正月为元，其实正朔元旦之春”的诗中。南北朝时，南朝萧子云的《介雅》诗中也有“四季新元旦，万寿初春朝”的记载。

China's New Year's Day, reportedly talking about at one of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors Zhuanxu, have elapsed since the 3000 years of history. "New Year's Day" first appeared in the "Book of Jin": "Zhuan Yuan Emperor to muong xia first month, in fact, our rules on New Year's Spring" in poetry. Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Southern Xiaozi clouds "Jie Ya," poem also has "Four Seasons New Year's Day, Wanshou spring moving towards a" well documented.

中国最早称农历正月初一为“元旦”，元是“初”、“始”的意思，旦指“日子”，元旦合称即是“初始的日子”，也就是一年的第一天。正月初一从哪日算起，在汉武帝以前也是很不统一的。因此，历代的元旦月、日也并不一致。夏朝的夏历以孟喜月（元月）为正月，商朝的殷历以腊月（十二月）为正月，周朝的周历以冬月（十一月）为正月。秦始皇统一中国后，又以阳春月（十月）为正月，即十月初一为元旦。从汉武帝起，才规定孟喜月（元月）为正月，把孟喜月的第一天（夏历的正月初一）称为元旦，一直沿用到清朝末年。但这是夏历，亦即农历或阴历，还不是我们今天所说的元旦。

China's New Year's Day, reportedly talking about at one of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors Zhuanxu, have elapsed since the 3000 years of history. "New Year's Day" first appeared in the "Book of Jin": "Zhuan Yuan Emperor to muong xia first month, in fact, our rules on New Year's Spring" in poetry. Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Southern Xiaozi clouds "Jie Ya," poem also has "Four Seasons New Year's Day, Wanshou spring moving towards a" well documented.

公元1911年，孙中山领导的辛亥革命，推翻了清朝的统治，建立了中华民国。为了“行夏正，所以顺农时，从西历，所以便统计”，民国元年决定使用公历（实际使用是1912年），并规定阳历（公历）1月1日为“新年”，但并不叫“元旦”。

AD 1911, the 1911 Revolution led by Sun Yat-sen overthrew the Qing Dynasty rule and founded the Republic of China. In order to "line XIA, so shun farming season, from the Western calendar, so they Statistics," In the first year of the decision to use the Gregorian calendar (the actual use is 1912), and provides Gregorian calendar (the Gregorian calendar) January 1 to "New Year", but does not called "New Year's Day."

今天所说的“元旦”，是公元1949年9月27日，中国人民政治协商会议第一次全体会议，在决定建立中华人民共和国的同时，也决定采用世界通用的公元纪年法，并将公历1月1日正式定为“元旦”，农历正月初一改为“春节”。
Said today's "New Year's Day," is the year September 27, 1949, the first plenary session of the CPPCC, in the decision to establish the People's Republic also decided to adopt the world-wide AD Annals law, and the Gregorian calendar a On 1, officially designated as "New Year's Day," who started the first lunar month to "Spring Festival."

The earliest New Year's Day came about 50,000 BC. The ancient Egyptians had changed from nomadism to farming and settled on both sides of the Nile River. Their agricultural harvest was closely related to whether the Nile River flooded or not.

From long-term observation, the ancient Egyptians found that the Nile flooded regularly. They recorded the time on bamboo poles every time, and learned that the two floods were about 365 days apart.

They also found that when the rising tide of the Nile came near Cairo today, the sun and Sirius rose from the horizon at the same time. So the ancient Egyptians set this day as the beginning of the year. This is the earliest origin of New Year's Day.