如何看待屈原的投江自沉

2024-12-21 21:41:41
推荐回答(3个)
回答1:

屈原(约公元前340~约前278
年),战国末期楚国人,名平,字原,楚武王熊通之子屈瑕的后代,丹阳(今湖北秭归)人,是我国历史上一位伟大的爱国诗人,也是一个学识渊博、目光深远的政治家。屈原在担任三闾大夫和左徒期间,心系苍生社稷,力主改革朝政、联齐抗秦,由于在内政外交上与楚国腐朽贵族势力发生尖锐的矛盾,遭到上官大夫等人的妒忌、诬陷,最终导致与楚怀王的疏远,两次遭到流放,被逐出郢都。但他始终念念不忘自己的祖国,希望楚怀王和后来执政的顷襄王召回自己,为国尽力。最后在楚国郢都被秦国将领白起攻破之后,他不忍心看着祖国灭亡,投汨罗江自尽,用生命谱写了一曲千古悲歌。关于屈原自沉汨罗江的原因,历来有诸多说法,却都相差甚远,恐怕是因所选择的分析角度不同所致,总括起来看,主要有四种。
“殉国说”
“殉国说”以清代学者王夫之和现代历史学家郭沫若为代表。王夫之在《楚辞通释》中认为,
屈原所以写下着名的诗章《哀郢》,是由于哀叹郢都的陷落,宗庙社稷成为荒丘废墟,人民流离失所,顷襄王不能拼死抵抗秦军,楚国灭亡指日可待。据此,现代的屈赋研究者大都认为,屈原投江是因为秦军攻破楚国都城,屈原不忍亲眼目睹国家灭亡,故而投江殉国。郭沫若在《屈原考》中写到:“就在郢都被攻破的那一年,屈原写了一篇《哀郢》……他看不过国破家亡,百姓颠沛流离的苦状,才悲愤自杀的。”
他在《伟大的爱国诗人-屈原》中写道:“屈原的自杀,事实上是殉国难。”
“殉道说”
“殉道说”以近人曲沐为代表。他认为“屈原的自杀原因无非来自两个方面:一是社会政治的黑暗;一是性格的刚直,是生命在与现实的撞击中而毁灭”。“屈原是出身于华族贵胄的政治家,其理想中的‘明君’、
‘哲王’已不复存在。面对楚怀王、顷襄王这样的昏君,其抱负与志向无法实现,加之群小的谗言,
因而愤懑不平,牢骚罹忧”。屈原是战国时代应运而生的一位别具特色的“士”。他的人格力量在于他坚持“人道自任”的理念和对自身的“内美”、“修能”的不可动摇的认知,义无返顾地坚持理想。宁为玉碎,不为瓦全。所以只身赴死,以求得精神上的圆满。
“尸谏说”
“尸谏说”以近人王之江为代表。持此说的人认为屈原看到楚国“党人”横行,百姓看不到希望,朝中没有忠良之臣,国家没有守备外敌的力量,楚国将面临亡国大祸。满怀救国大志的屈原却遭谗言而被流放,报国无门的他没办法身谏楚王,哀叹报国之志无法实现。绝望的屈原决心以死来震醒昏君。屈原在《离骚》篇末有“吾将从彭咸之居”。彭咸是殷朝有名的贤士大夫。他曾忠心劝谏国君,遭到漠视,最后愤然投水而死。由此看来屈原之死是“尸谏”,是向彭咸学习而来的。
“洁身说”
屈原为国君昏庸而痛心,不愿看着“党人”乱政,葬送楚国锦绣河山,加之长期的放逐生活,身心交瘁,再无重返朝廷、实施理想“美政”的希望。为了保持清白高洁的操守,扞卫自己所毕生追求的理想,终于带着不尽的遗憾,愤然投身汨罗江中。淮南王刘安的《离骚传》曾赞叹屈原不肯在浊世中苟活,故而“蝉蜕于污秽”,献出了自己的生命。综观以上说法,
屈原愤然自尽的内因似应是理想破灭后的“绝望”。这样的死,当然不是怯懦或逃避对祖国的责任,而是对现实清醒的认知,是屈原坚守气节的最终追求。

回答2:

1.留得青山在,不怕没柴烧。进行韧性的战斗正如鲁迅的战斗。
2.既然楚国已亡,自己也已经尽力挽救,也算问心无愧,况且自己的死又能给楚国带来什么好处?死,要死的有价值。
3.上帝给人关掉一扇窗的同时也给人打开了一扇门。正如司马迁,虽然失去了男人的尊严,但却完成巨著并名垂青史。同样屈原完全可以在文学这条路上走得很远。(题外话:屈原可以不死吗?深深觉得屈原已经无路可走了。忠于楚国是他的政治理想(美政)和人格理想(高洁品性),因此他努力地拯救楚国,即使因而被孤立、排斥,他仍然不断努力加强自身修养以保持政治上的清醒,直至最终被流放仍担忧楚国的命运,以致于当得知郢都被白起攻破时,他便只能自投汨罗,因为楚国灭亡意味着他的人格理想和政治理想都彻底破灭。即使苟且偷生也只能是行尸走肉写不出什么华章了。)

回答3:

屈原其实是同性恋者.
楚怀王不喜欢他,不信任他,所以让他心情很不好,郁郁寡欢.最后自尽了.
他称楚王为美人.
还用很多香草阿,什么的比喻自己.
就是一对恋人闹别扭那种吧.

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