初中英语常见的短语及意思

2024-12-15 22:37:41
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回答1:

   crowd / group / team

  Ⅰ. group “小组、团体”,与 team 是同义词。指因任何目的或原因而聚集在一起所形成的群体。搭配范围较广;

  team 指工作、行为或游戏时在一起的群体,尤指体育比赛的“队”, 搭配范围较窄。如:

  ①a study group 学习小组; a discussion group 讨论小组

  ②a basketball team 篮球队 a medical team 医疗队

  Ⅱ. group 指“人群”时,与crowd同义。group 所指人数可多可少,但常指“较小”的人群, 且表示有组织有秩序的一群人;

  crowd有“密集”“拥挤”的含义,通常指未经组织、人数众多的人群。

  by oneself/ for oneself/ to oneself/ of oneself

  这五个介词短语均属“介词+反身代词”结构,但意义各不相同:

  Ⅰ.by oneself“单独地;独立地”(=without help, alone).如:

  Did you do this by yourself or did someone help you?

  是你自己做的,还是别人帮你做的?

  Ⅱ. “本身;本身的性质”如:

  ①Diamond is hard in itself. 钻石本来是硬的。

  Ⅲ.for oneself “为自己(的利益而做某事);独自地(与by oneself 同义)”。如:

  ②He has built a house for himself. 他为自己建造了一幢房子。

  ③You must find it out for yourself. 你必须自己把它找出来。

  Ⅳ.of oneself “自然而然地;自动地”为不及物动词。如:

  ④The fire died of oneself. 火自己熄灭了。

  Ⅴ.to oneself“默默地”“暗自”,常与talk , say, think等动词连用。如;

  ⑤He said to himself that there was something wrong. 他想这其中有毛病。

  [注]:say to oneself “在心里想”,talk/ speak to oneself“自言自语”两者不可混淆。

   another/ other/ more

  Ⅰ. 名词前表示具有增加意义的“还、再”,一般用 more 和 another. more放在数词之后,而 another 放在数词之前;有时也可以用 other, 但other具有“不同”之意。保留它本意“别的”。如:

  ① one more thing, one other thing, another thing都表示“还有一件事”之意,如:

  ② I want three more / other books. = I want another three books.我还要三本书。

  ③ I stayed there three more days. = I stayed there another three days.

  我在那儿又呆了三天。(这里不用other, 因day与day没有不同之意。

  ④ We need three more / another three hands to do the job.

  我们还需要三个人做这项工作。 (这里不用other , 因不强调人与人的'不同。)

  ⑤ He works on the Great Green Wall with many other people.

  他与别的许多人一块在绿色长城上工作。( other 没有增加之意,表除自己以外的别的人。)

  another/ the other/ other/ others/ the others

  Ⅰ. another 指不定数目中的“另一个、又一个” (三个以上)用来代替或修饰可数名词。如:

  I don’t think the coat is good enough. Can you show me another?

  Ⅱ. other 泛指“另外的”修饰复数名词。如:

  We study Chinese, maths, English and other subjects.

  Ⅲ. others 泛指“另外的人或物”, 但不指其余的人或物的全部。如:

  Some like swimming, others like boating.

  Ⅳ. the other 指两个中的“另一个”如:

  He has two sons, one is in Shanghai, the other is in Beijing.

  Ⅴ. the others 特指某一范围内的“其余全部的人或物”如:

  There are thirty books on the bookshelf. Five are mine, the others are my father’s.

   edge / side

  Ⅰ.edge侧重于指很窄的 “边缘”, 如刀刃或沿边的一部分.如:

  Put some salt on the edge of your plate. 在你的盘子边上放些盐.

  Ⅱ.side “边, 旁边” 有时与edge同义,有时指 “(东西的)侧面”, “(一个)方面”, “(身体的)侧边”,如:

  among/ between/ in the middle of

  Ⅰ. among “在……之中/中间” 指三者或三者以上。通常表某个范围。如:

  ① Someone is wrong among us. 我们中间有人错了。

  ② There is a small village among the mountains. 大山之间有座小村庄。

  Ⅱ. between “在…之间”指在二者之间,有时与and 连用。如:

  ① There is a river between us. 在我们两人之间有一条河。

  ② I’m standing between a house and a big tree. 我站在一座房子和一棵大树中间。

  Ⅲ. in the middle of “在……中间”指在某事物中间,强调事物的两端的中间。如:

  There is a bus stop in the middle of the road. 在这条公路中间有个车站。