一. 了解英语里的句子类型
雅思阅读英语句子的基本类型有简单句、并列句和复合句。
简单句:句子中只有一套主谓结构的叫简单句。
比如(剑桥5,Wilderness tourism operates throughout the year in fragile areas. )
这句话中只有一套主谓结构,主语是wilderness toursim,谓语动词是operates。
并列句:句子中有两套或者两套以上主谓结构,并且这些主谓结构之间属于并列关系。
比如 (剑桥7, The disastrous Hanshin earthquake in 1995 killed 6,400 people, toppled elevated highways, flattened office blocks and devastated the port area of Kobe. )
这句话中有4套主谓结构,分别是Hanshin earthquake killed, Hanshin earthquake toppled, Hanshin earthquake flattened and Hanshin earthquake devastated。因为这4个谓语动词共用一个主语Hanshin earthquake,所以作者在写这个句子的时候只让Hanshin earthquake出现一次。
复合句:其实也就是通常说的主从句结构。这样的句子里有两套或两套以上主谓结构,并且这些主谓结构之间属于从属关系。剑桥阅读的阅读中有太多这样的例子。
比如 (剑桥7, Japanese scholars have been mystified for ages about why these tall, slender buildings are so stable. )
这句话中有2套主谓结构,一个是主句中的Japanese scholars have been mystified, 另外一个是由why引导的宾语从句中的buildings are so stable. 宾语从句中的主谓结构从属于主语,因为它是作为整个句子的宾语部分而存在。
二、了解让句子变长的原因
相信很多学生对此有同感:阅读文章里的长句读着读着就迷失了,读了结尾就不知道开头在哪了。而写作文时要秀一下长句却往往心有意而力不足。接着我们就来看看是什么让英语句子变长了?真的总是如学生抱怨的那样,太多从句了吗?
比如:(剑桥7, Yet in 826, with only pegs and wedges to keep his wooden structure upright, the master builder Kobodaishi had no hesitation in sending his majestic Toji pagoda soaring fifty-five metres into the sky-nearly half as high as the Kasumigaseki skyscraper built some eleven centuries later.)
这个句子虽然看似很长,但其实是一个简单句。主语是the master builder Kobodaishi,谓语和宾语是had no hesitation in doing sth, 所以主干意思就是Kobodaishi建筑大师毫不犹豫去做了某件事情。至于yet in 826这是一个时间状语, with only pegs and wedges to keep his wooden structure upright 这也是with引导的一个伴随状语,nearly half as high as the Kasumigaseki skyscraper built some eleven centuries later这个补语,用来补充说明fifty-five metres into the sky究竟是有多高。由这个例子,我们可以得出一些附属句子成分像状语和补语会让句子变长。
再来看一个句子,比如(剑桥5,Much attention has focused on erosion along major trails, but perhaps more important are the deforestation and impacts on water supplies arising from the need to provide tourists with cooked food and hot showers. )
这个句子里有2套主谓结构,一个是 attention has focused on, 另外一个是 more important are deforestation and impacts 并且这2套主谓结构由but相连,属于一个并列句。对剩下成分进行分析,我们发现,erosion后面有个短语along major trails, 这个是用来修饰限定erosion的,即主要步道沿路的侵蚀,impacts on water supply后面也有一个修饰成分arising from the need to provide tourists with cooked food and hot showers. 因为需要给游客提供熟食和热水澡而引发的对水供给造成的影响。
简而言之,讲到雅思阅读长句,学生们不需要直接把它们与从句等同起来。句子变长,还有一部分原因是因为句子中嵌入了很多附属成分比如说状语,定语和补语。我们可以利用这个规律,在读长句时有意识地先把这些附属成分先略去不看,先把主干(即主谓)找出来,那我们对句子的理解肯定也能做到八九不离十了。
雅思阅读长难句语法有哪些?小编就说到这里了,更多关于雅思考试的报名入口,报名时间,成绩查询,报名费用,准考证打印入口及时间等问题,小编会及时更新。祝愿各位考生都能取得满意的成绩,成功选择自己理想的留学院校。