如何软化毛皮

2024-12-12 14:47:59
推荐回答(4个)
回答1:

1、硝面熟制法
这是一种我国传统的毛皮熟制方法.这种方法取料方便,产品柔软,毛被色泽较白,皮板的抗张强度较高.但产品耐水和耐温热性差,有臭味,对生产量不大的家庭,此法仍可采用.
硝液配制:取硫酸钠(芒硝)10公斤溶于100公斤水中再加面粉25公斤拌和均匀即成.硝液用量约为毛皮重量的10倍.
硝制:把经软化处理的毛皮浸入硝液中,翻拌浸匀,上压生物,使其沉浸于液面之下,并每天翻动一次.浸硝时间依气温而定.在春秋季,空温在15~20℃时一般浸制16~22天,夏季气温达30℃时,浸制15天左右即可起缸.成品的检查方法是将皮板对折或手捍强挤硝液.如果皮板呈现白色,脱水良好,说明已硝好.成品从缸内捞出后不要沾生水,随即晾干及铲软处理以得至成品.
2、明矾熟制法
明矾熟制法也是一种较古老的办法.此法熟制成品比硝面熟制法的耐热性稍有提高,但耐水性仍不理想,皮板遇水会退鞣发硬.其步骤如下:
(1)酸浸:酸浸为明矾硝制的预处理,为防止皮板在硝制过程中发生酸肿及明矾水解沉淀而丧失鞣性.
取相当毛皮生日一的3.5bt4倍水量,加入0.1倍量的氯化钠,充分深化,投入软化晾干的毛皮并翻动5分钟,再将毛皮捞起,加入0.007倍量的硫酸(浓度为66Be)投入皮毛翻动,再捞出毛皮,再补加0.006倍量的硫酸(调节PH=1.5度),再投入毛皮,翻动均匀,当气温22~25℃,酸浸16小时为宜.酸浸后PH=3.7为宜.酸浸终了取出毛皮,挤除酸浸液送下一步处理.经酸浸的毛皮不能再遇生水,否则皮板脱盐酸肿.
(2)鞣制:用料量指标:水3倍量,硫代硫酸钠8bt8.5%,明矾7.5%~8,硫酸钠15~17%,硫酸0.0.8%,碳酸氢钠1.1.5%,氯化钠3.4,石膏粉8~9%.鞣制温度为25~28℃,时间为200~225小时.
将上述原料(碳酸氢钠、石膏粉除外)下缸入水,充分搅拌完全溶解,投入经酸浸后的毛皮,搅拌翻动两次,以后每天上午各翻动1次,48小时后加入石膏粉完成鞣制前24小时将碳酸氢钠(预先用水溶解)溶液分3次加入(间隔2小时),过夜后即完成鞣制.再经干燥、回潮、铲皮处理为成品.
对鞣液PH值的要求是:鞣制开始时鞣液PH=2.5;加碳酸氢钠前PH=3;完成鞣制时PH=4.4.8,鞣制温度最后要求达到38℃,如温度偏低则要延长时间.
3、鞣铬鞣制法
毛皮的硝面鞣制与明矾鞣制均属假鞣,遇水退鞣,皮板发硬掉毛.铬盐鞣制能使成品具有耐水、耐温、耐汗、耐老化等性能.
(1)酸浸:酸浸液组成为硫酸5~6克/升(PH=1.015);硫酸钠30~50克/升;氯化钠30~40克/升.温度36~38℃,时间36~38小时,用水量每张皮14升左右,依皮张大小酌增或酌减.
酸浸操作是先将食盐、硫酸溶解澄清倒入划槽,加水配成要求浓度及需要用水量,再加酸加温到规定要求.转动划板搅拌均匀,投入毛皮,继续划动1~2分钟.以后每天加温并划动1次.浸至36小时检查质量;使背脊部位横向延伸大,纤维松散,回折挤压脱水良好,呈白韧色.用四基红试剂检查,切口呈红色.
(2)鞣制:鞣制液级成为碱式硫酸铬0.2克/升(以三氧化二铬计),明矾10克/升、氯化钠30克/升,硫酸钠30克/升,硫代硫酸钠2克/升,JFC湿润剂0.3克/升,碳酸氢钠适量.用水量每长皮10~12升,PH值下皮时1.2(用硫酸调节),出缸时4~4.5,温度40~45℃,时间72小时.
将食盐、硫酸钠、明矾溶解澄清后倒入划槽,加水加温到规定要求.然后把其他原料(碳酸钠、硫代硫酸钠、JFC除外)也溶于划槽,搅拌均匀.再把浸酸的毛皮浸入,并划动1~2分钟,以后每隔1小时划动1次,每次1~2分钟,温度控制第1天为40℃,第2、3天为45℃,在第2天把皮捞出控水,加入硫代硫酸钠和JFC再下皮划动,每天需取样测定皮板的收缩温度及鞣液的PH值,并加添酸钠调整.出缸前皮板收缩温度应达到70℃以上;PH=4~4.5.鞣制72小时后捞起来放置在木凳上1~2天,使鞣剂结合牢固.
用过的鞣液可连续使用15批,每批添加碱式硫酸铬0.12~0.15克/升(以三氧化二铬计),食盐3~5克/升,硫酸钠3~5克/升,硫酸3.5克/升(以PH=1.2为度).铬盐用量不能过大,否则皮板会过干会过于厚、硬、重.
经鞣制后即可进行曲毛皮整理,其步骤是:水洗—甩干—干燥—回潮—铲皮—检验.
水洗时,缸内或划槽内用水量要大,换不水次数要多,把硝盐等杂质清除掉.
甩干是以离心机或人工除去毛皮水份.
加脂是为了使皮板更加柔软.脂的配方是50℃温水890克,加软皮白油或合成加脂剂100克,JFC湿润剂10克.用毛刷蘸脂剂乳液刷涂在板上,涂抹温度要求40~50℃,每第皮用量300毫升左右.
干燥即为晒干或晾干.采用烘干时,温度应应这40℃,晒时先晒皮板,再晒毛被子,直到皮板和毛被干透为止.抹匀石膏粉揉搓.第2次用刃刀铲,片除浮肉,再撒上石膏粉铲第3次,并注意将边缘铲开铲软.铲硬后用干布擦拭毛被至干净.再使皮板对皮板晾晒毛被.干后堆放一夜,再回铲一次即为成品.干燥、回潮、铲皮操作也适用于硝面熟制和明矾离制法鞣制的毛皮加工.

回答2:

去外面买点甲基硅油

回答3:

那些需要的东西哪里去买?

回答4:

在那里买甲基娃油软化齐

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